{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214758088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234835","title":"Variations in Stratospheric Gravity Waves Derived from Temperature Observations of Multi-GNSS Radio Occultation Missions","display_name":"Variations in Stratospheric Gravity Waves Derived from Temperature Observations of Multi-GNSS Radio Occultation Missions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214758088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234835","mag":"3214758088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4835/pdf?version=1638266647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4835/pdf?version=1638266647","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082898855","display_name":"Jia Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-3317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017266251","display_name":"Jialiang Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-571X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialiang Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048616650","display_name":"Xiaohua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048616650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76844647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"23","first_page":"4835","last_page":"4835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-occultation","display_name":"Radio occultation","score":0.7891718149185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratosphere","display_name":"Stratosphere","score":0.6947774887084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6125242710113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.5719102025032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave","display_name":"Gravitational wave","score":0.5044389963150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-cancer-database","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","score":0.4955071210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occultation","display_name":"Occultation","score":0.49012479186058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.4722401797771454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-wave","display_name":"Gravity wave","score":0.4564530849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.40031635761260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3702167272567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20961686968803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.1254115104675293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560557","display_name":"Radio occultation","level":3,"score":0.7891718149185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.6947774887084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6125242710113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5719102025032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.5044389963150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.4955071210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131040042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202746","display_name":"Occultation","level":2,"score":0.49012479186058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.4722401797771454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185975314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599451","display_name":"Gravity wave","level":3,"score":0.4564530849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.40031635761260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3702167272567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20961686968803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.1254115104675293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4835/pdf?version=1638266647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:726f47b367cd4fd9b888849e6fff1ac7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/726f47b367cd4fd9b888849e6fff1ac7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 23, p 4835 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/23/4835/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4835/pdf?version=1638266647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2015356856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41774033, 41774032, and 42174017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214758088.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214758088.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508069642","https://openalex.org/W1586069791","https://openalex.org/W1587976434","https://openalex.org/W1632533804","https://openalex.org/W1667482436","https://openalex.org/W1969072534","https://openalex.org/W1973654430","https://openalex.org/W1973916242","https://openalex.org/W1984617349","https://openalex.org/W1988146493","https://openalex.org/W1992914845","https://openalex.org/W1994242632","https://openalex.org/W1994396914","https://openalex.org/W1998109790","https://openalex.org/W2006032530","https://openalex.org/W2008327654","https://openalex.org/W2012894034","https://openalex.org/W2013513194","https://openalex.org/W2013773228","https://openalex.org/W2014885181","https://openalex.org/W2015024096","https://openalex.org/W2017779329","https://openalex.org/W2020505699","https://openalex.org/W2024018771","https://openalex.org/W2025415734","https://openalex.org/W2027312400","https://openalex.org/W2028892603","https://openalex.org/W2032394781","https://openalex.org/W2032710139","https://openalex.org/W2034148099","https://openalex.org/W2039219669","https://openalex.org/W2039343963","https://openalex.org/W2039995666","https://openalex.org/W2041304512","https://openalex.org/W2050138693","https://openalex.org/W2057431596","https://openalex.org/W2057501871","https://openalex.org/W2057885614","https://openalex.org/W2061351220","https://openalex.org/W2064551242","https://openalex.org/W2070758248","https://openalex.org/W2073923807","https://openalex.org/W2081047842","https://openalex.org/W2084038732","https://openalex.org/W2088857912","https://openalex.org/W2090906432","https://openalex.org/W2103237152","https://openalex.org/W2117149642","https://openalex.org/W2120653142","https://openalex.org/W2135712056","https://openalex.org/W2138006211","https://openalex.org/W2151051100","https://openalex.org/W2158993832","https://openalex.org/W2160054238","https://openalex.org/W2165149654","https://openalex.org/W2176659765","https://openalex.org/W2277881627","https://openalex.org/W2347145455","https://openalex.org/W2467446649","https://openalex.org/W2475829807","https://openalex.org/W2503471786","https://openalex.org/W2530606876","https://openalex.org/W2604185873","https://openalex.org/W2621828111","https://openalex.org/W2765488792","https://openalex.org/W2894937656","https://openalex.org/W2895600049","https://openalex.org/W3010709309","https://openalex.org/W4235646677","https://openalex.org/W6648947013","https://openalex.org/W6660282070","https://openalex.org/W6660441860","https://openalex.org/W6817402057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W581459807","https://openalex.org/W2076760108","https://openalex.org/W2080119763","https://openalex.org/W2385429089","https://openalex.org/W2209680672","https://openalex.org/W3009895728","https://openalex.org/W631171883","https://openalex.org/W2019829304","https://openalex.org/W2082728146","https://openalex.org/W2045825028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,152,179,285,326],"spatial\u2013temporal":[1],"distribution":[2,153,204],"of":[3,16,57,64,97,100,118,139,154,181,206,216,219,242,253,287,328,363],"the":[4,13,22,44,54,58,62,82,92,95,98,119,137,140,146,150,155,159,166,177,197,200,203,207,211,217,226,239,247,268,273,279,307,313,317,324],"global":[5],"gravity":[6,243],"wave":[7,244],"(GW)":[8],"potential":[9],"energy":[10],"(Ep)":[11],"at":[12,107,193,260,282,297,320,331,346,354],"lower":[14],"stratosphere":[15],"20\u201335":[17,194,332,355],"km":[18,117,195,262,299,322,333,348,356],"is":[19,89],"studied":[20],"using":[21,81],"dry":[23],"temperature":[24],"profiles":[25],"from":[26,47,172,232],"multi-":[27],"Global":[28],"Navigation":[29],"Satellite":[30],"System":[31],"(GNSS)":[32],"radio":[33],"occultation":[34],"(RO)":[35],"missions,":[36],"including":[37],"CHAMP,":[38],"COSMIC,":[39],"GRACE,":[40],"and":[41,61,74,94,111,121,136,199,214,267,275,353],"METOP-A/B/C,":[42],"during":[43,103,246],"14":[45,248],"years":[46],"2007":[48,173],"to":[49,67,149,174,184,189,221,234,238,256,272,290,293,334,338,366],"2020,":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"which":[53,304],"linear":[55,84],"trends":[56,99,131,142,157,209],"GW":[59,65,101,124,162,167,182,212,254,288,318,329,364],"Ep":[60,66,102,125,163,183,255,289,330,365],"responses":[63,180,218,252,270,286,327,362],"solar":[68,185,222,230],"activity,":[69],"quasi":[70],"biennial":[71],"oscillation":[72],"(QBO),":[73],"El":[75],"Ni\u00f1o-Southern":[76],"Oscillation":[77],"(ENSO)":[78],"are":[79,169,187,258,336],"analyzed":[80],"multivariate":[83],"regression":[85],"(MLR)":[86],"method.":[87],"It":[88],"found":[90,188,259,337],"that":[91,165,215,225,306],"signs":[93],"magnitudes":[96],"each":[104],"month":[105],"vary":[106],"different":[108,113],"altitude":[109],"ranges":[110],"over":[112,176,196,263,300,323,341,349],"latitudes.":[114],"At":[115],"25\u201335":[116],"middle":[120],"high":[122,276],"latitudes,":[123],"values":[126,138],"generally":[127,170],"show":[128],"significant":[129,360],"negative":[130,141,251,269,361],"in":[132,145,158,210,229,278],"almost":[133],"all":[134],"months,":[135],"become":[143],"smaller":[144],"regions":[147],"closer":[148],"poles.":[151],"deseasonalized":[156,208],"monthly":[160],"zonal-mean":[161],"demonstrates":[164,305],"activities":[168,213,319],"declining":[171],"2020":[175],"globe.":[178],"activity":[186,223,231,245],"be":[190,294,312,339],"mostly":[191],"positive":[192,296,340],"globe,":[198],"comparison":[201],"between":[202],"pattern":[205],"GWs":[220],"indicates":[224],"sharp":[227],"decline":[228],"2015":[233],"2017":[235],"might":[236],"contribute":[237],"overall":[240],"attenuation":[241],"years.":[249],"Significant":[250],"QBO":[257,291],"30\u201335":[261,347],"30\u00b0":[264],"S\u201325\u00b0":[265],"N,":[266,303,344,359],"extend":[271],"mid":[274],"latitudes":[277],"southern":[280],"hemisphere":[281],"20\u201330":[283,298,321],"km.":[284],"change":[292],"significantly":[295],"15\u00b0":[301,342,350],"S\u201315\u00b0":[302,343],"zonal":[308],"wind":[309],"field":[310],"should":[311],"main":[314],"factor":[315],"affecting":[316],"tropics.":[325],"ENSO":[335,367],"while":[345],"N\u201330\u00b0":[351],"N":[352],"near":[357],"50\u00b0":[358],"exist.":[368]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
