{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214939151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234810","title":"Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars","display_name":"Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214939151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234810","mag":"3214939151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234810","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4810/pdf?version=1638001457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4810/pdf?version=1638001457","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088092758","display_name":"Wenhao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-1351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067558033","display_name":"Jie Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-549X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045072070","display_name":"Yonghang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740163","display_name":"Nuo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-0892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106406566","display_name":"Qiong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3289-8398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738303","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security","ror":"https://ror.org/05d8cac05","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738303"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China","Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738303"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038566451","display_name":"Tongqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-7251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067558033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63498596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"23","first_page":"4810","last_page":"4810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typhoon","display_name":"Typhoon","score":0.9737803936004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6429105401039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-layer","display_name":"Boundary layer","score":0.5635292530059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence-kinetic-energy","display_name":"Turbulence kinetic energy","score":0.5622774362564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5266606211662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.4295424818992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.38826075196266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3586820662021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.3330385088920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.28172507882118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1402391791343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.08937910199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08189171552658081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181654704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140588","display_name":"Typhoon","level":2,"score":0.9737803936004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6429105401039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.5635292530059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15476950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7854776","display_name":"Turbulence kinetic energy","level":3,"score":0.5622774362564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5266606211662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4295424818992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.38826075196266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3586820662021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3330385088920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.28172507882118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1402391791343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08937910199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08189171552658081}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234810","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4810/pdf?version=1638001457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6eae029031044b689e4e168519ebc78e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6eae029031044b689e4e168519ebc78e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 23, p 4810 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/23/4810/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 23; Pages: 4810","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234810","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4810/pdf?version=1638001457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5914017719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41775065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7499672658","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41475060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214939151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214939151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481709217","https://openalex.org/W1965668452","https://openalex.org/W1966692830","https://openalex.org/W1979235577","https://openalex.org/W1982755993","https://openalex.org/W2003225314","https://openalex.org/W2004657875","https://openalex.org/W2013004558","https://openalex.org/W2013601638","https://openalex.org/W2014840824","https://openalex.org/W2025086691","https://openalex.org/W2025506259","https://openalex.org/W2028979275","https://openalex.org/W2036258507","https://openalex.org/W2047997348","https://openalex.org/W2064342200","https://openalex.org/W2093105504","https://openalex.org/W2099803355","https://openalex.org/W2107987495","https://openalex.org/W2110524415","https://openalex.org/W2127016675","https://openalex.org/W2128143211","https://openalex.org/W2136086413","https://openalex.org/W2161940124","https://openalex.org/W2162338691","https://openalex.org/W2163688455","https://openalex.org/W2174389736","https://openalex.org/W2177880997","https://openalex.org/W2339254602","https://openalex.org/W2560671501","https://openalex.org/W2803276134","https://openalex.org/W2809623306","https://openalex.org/W2902470163","https://openalex.org/W3089444786","https://openalex.org/W3118081540","https://openalex.org/W3130404751","https://openalex.org/W3133763721","https://openalex.org/W4230180638","https://openalex.org/W4251401595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322294131","https://openalex.org/W4377023816","https://openalex.org/W2044728225","https://openalex.org/W2381913349","https://openalex.org/W3125308484","https://openalex.org/W2368202014","https://openalex.org/W2001663785","https://openalex.org/W1526491517","https://openalex.org/W40611043","https://openalex.org/W2484498939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,130,145,173,234,258],"boundary":[1,26,84,90,236,310],"layer":[2,27,85,91,237,311],"structure":[3,306],"is":[4,15],"crucial":[5],"to":[6,29,103,108,115,124,143,197,248],"the":[7,24,32,50,60,68,71,89,109,116,148,153,160,169,176,183,191,198,204,210,216,220,223,230,261,273,277,287,304,308,318],"formation":[8],"and":[9,74,82,164,212,245,254,266,270,312],"intensification":[10],"of":[11,19,31,54,62,70,88,92,99,118,128,132,137,152,215,260,307,320,323],"typhoons,":[12],"but":[13,113],"there":[14],"still":[16],"a":[17,119,125,299,314],"lack":[18],"high-precision":[20],"turbulence":[21],"observations":[22,40],"in":[23,134,147,159,168],"typhoon":[25,36,83,93,154,199,202,217,235,252,309,324],"due":[28],"limitations":[30],"observing":[33],"instruments":[34],"under":[35],"conditions.":[37],"Using":[38],"joint":[39],"from":[41],"multiple":[42],"ground-based":[43],"Doppler":[44],"wind":[45,72,111,280],"lidars":[46],"(DWL)":[47],"collected":[48],"by":[49,240,290],"Shanghai":[51],"Typhoon":[52,63,138,187],"Institute":[53],"China":[55],"Meteorological":[56],"Administration":[57],"(CMA)":[58],"during":[59],"transit":[61],"Lekima":[64,94,139,188],"(8\u201311":[65],"August":[66],"2019),":[67],"characteristics":[69],"field":[73],"physical":[75],"quantities":[76],"(including":[77],"turbulent":[78],"kinetic":[79],"energy":[80],"(TKE)":[81],"height":[86,238,282,288],"(TBLH))":[87],"were":[95,140,207,268],"analyzed.":[96],"magnitude":[98],"TKE":[100,133,146,174,192,205,221,267],"was":[101,155,178,243,246,284],"shown":[102],"be":[104],"related":[105],"not":[106],"only":[107],"horizontal":[110],"speed":[112,281],"also":[114,141],"presence":[117],"strong":[120,300],"downdraft,":[121],"which":[122],"leads":[123],"rapid":[126],"increase":[127],"TKE.":[129],"magnitudes":[131],"different":[135,208],"quadrants":[136],"found":[142,247],"differ.":[144],"front":[149],"right":[150,171,213,231],"quadrant":[151,163],"2.5\u20136.0":[156],"times":[157,166],"that":[158,167,181,228,296],"rear":[161,170],"left":[162,211,224],"~1.7":[165],"quadrant.":[172],"over":[175,182],"island":[177],"larger":[179,285],"than":[180,286],"urban":[184],"area.":[185],"Before":[186],"made":[189],"landfall,":[190,203],"increased":[193,255],"with":[194,219],"decreasing":[195,225],"distance":[196],"center.":[200],"After":[201],"changes":[206],"on":[209,222,229],"sides":[214],"center,":[218],"rapidly,":[226],"while":[227,276],"changed":[232],"little.":[233],"calculated":[239,263,289],"five":[241],"methods":[242],"compared":[244],"decrease":[249],"gradually":[250,256],"before":[251],"landfall":[253],"afterward.":[257],"trends":[259],"TBLH":[262,274],"using":[264],"helicity":[265],"consistent,":[269],"both":[271],"determine":[272],"well,":[275],"maximum":[278],"tangential":[279],"(humax)":[283],"other":[291],"methods.":[292],"This":[293],"study":[294],"confirms":[295],"DWL":[297],"has":[298],"detecting":[301],"capability":[302],"for":[303,317],"finescale":[305],"provides":[313],"powerful":[315],"tool":[316],"validation":[319],"numerical":[321],"simulations":[322],"structure.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}