{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215647825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234748","title":"Mapping Urban Excavation Induced Deformation in 3D via Multiplatform InSAR Time-Series","display_name":"Mapping Urban Excavation Induced Deformation in 3D via Multiplatform InSAR Time-Series","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215647825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234748","mag":"3215647825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4748/pdf?version=1637838392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4748/pdf?version=1637838392","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056903848","display_name":"K. Wnuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-5256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kendall Wnuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452490","display_name":"Wendy Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-375X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000760317","display_name":"Marte Gutierrez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marte Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101452490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":7.6624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96880823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"23","first_page":"4748","last_page":"4748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8268212080001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6893242001533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.6503068208694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5895615220069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.585136353969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5148900747299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.4849858283996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation-monitoring","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","score":0.4689115285873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excavation","display_name":"Excavation","score":0.4465406835079193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4461989402770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.41492778062820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.1419321894645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08046060800552368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.8268212080001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6893242001533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.6503068208694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5895615220069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.585136353969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5148900747299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4849858283996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136428324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838414","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","level":3,"score":0.4689115285873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.4465406835079193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4461989402770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41492778062820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1419321894645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08046060800552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4748/pdf?version=1637838392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71f983b9f03e470991a676954c369abf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71f983b9f03e470991a676954c369abf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 23, p 4748 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/23/4748/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 23; Pages: 4748","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234748","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4748/pdf?version=1637838392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1304691782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"69A3551747118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310862","funder_display_name":"Colorado School of Mines"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5956008144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EAR-1724794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G728682276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"69A3551747","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G801455174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EAR-1724794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8226274429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"69A3551747118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310862","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215647825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215647825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527413881","https://openalex.org/W1540501767","https://openalex.org/W1568309545","https://openalex.org/W1598748521","https://openalex.org/W1666106914","https://openalex.org/W1672745209","https://openalex.org/W1883408522","https://openalex.org/W1901422369","https://openalex.org/W1915392421","https://openalex.org/W1968735445","https://openalex.org/W1970302608","https://openalex.org/W1972630314","https://openalex.org/W2001278639","https://openalex.org/W2009592848","https://openalex.org/W2013991066","https://openalex.org/W2020255416","https://openalex.org/W2020719352","https://openalex.org/W2031657170","https://openalex.org/W2033242948","https://openalex.org/W2036671702","https://openalex.org/W2042220195","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2048684236","https://openalex.org/W2054479665","https://openalex.org/W2063655239","https://openalex.org/W2065989874","https://openalex.org/W2069968238","https://openalex.org/W2078875650","https://openalex.org/W2082137538","https://openalex.org/W2085537191","https://openalex.org/W2087208682","https://openalex.org/W2096195040","https://openalex.org/W2104917585","https://openalex.org/W2112429677","https://openalex.org/W2125147639","https://openalex.org/W2125402151","https://openalex.org/W2126425139","https://openalex.org/W2126925151","https://openalex.org/W2128513227","https://openalex.org/W2129206142","https://openalex.org/W2134211714","https://openalex.org/W2142984197","https://openalex.org/W2147882638","https://openalex.org/W2151537195","https://openalex.org/W2155618100","https://openalex.org/W2160980761","https://openalex.org/W2162402371","https://openalex.org/W2162481140","https://openalex.org/W2163763308","https://openalex.org/W2170931233","https://openalex.org/W2255940506","https://openalex.org/W2283984593","https://openalex.org/W2339081386","https://openalex.org/W2402707522","https://openalex.org/W2465235943","https://openalex.org/W2472120815","https://openalex.org/W2513847121","https://openalex.org/W2513995950","https://openalex.org/W2528353207","https://openalex.org/W2531731095","https://openalex.org/W2540252597","https://openalex.org/W2548520401","https://openalex.org/W2560842439","https://openalex.org/W2566832798","https://openalex.org/W2604369655","https://openalex.org/W2729048049","https://openalex.org/W2766207472","https://openalex.org/W2767761242","https://openalex.org/W2770295197","https://openalex.org/W2771283265","https://openalex.org/W2788085431","https://openalex.org/W2893726365","https://openalex.org/W2900051805","https://openalex.org/W2911302579","https://openalex.org/W2912429395","https://openalex.org/W2948547895","https://openalex.org/W2965151938","https://openalex.org/W2998744997","https://openalex.org/W3008412476","https://openalex.org/W3011330125","https://openalex.org/W3016596509","https://openalex.org/W3019269168","https://openalex.org/W3025999562","https://openalex.org/W3029769593","https://openalex.org/W3036045068","https://openalex.org/W3047382657","https://openalex.org/W3093804669","https://openalex.org/W3103968513","https://openalex.org/W3197119554","https://openalex.org/W3205423163","https://openalex.org/W6639068676","https://openalex.org/W6728808924","https://openalex.org/W6902734150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2148958581","https://openalex.org/W2099318526","https://openalex.org/W2354641586","https://openalex.org/W2910315605","https://openalex.org/W1991045795","https://openalex.org/W3044821072","https://openalex.org/W2276467122","https://openalex.org/W2369041528","https://openalex.org/W2362949416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Excavation":[0],"of":[1,19,37,105],"a":[2,31],"subway":[3],"station":[4],"and":[5,25,69,90,107,114,126,130,139,145],"rail":[6,133],"crossover":[7,134],"cavern":[8],"in":[9,174],"downtown":[10],"Los":[11],"Angeles,":[12],"California,":[13],"USA,":[14],"induced":[15],"over":[16],"1.8":[17],"cm":[18,144],"surface":[20,38],"settlement":[21],"between":[22],"June":[23],"2018":[24],"February":[26],"2019":[27],"as":[28],"measured":[29],"by":[30,45,88],"ground-based":[32,182],"monitoring":[33],"system.":[34],"Point":[35],"measurements":[36,80],"deformation":[39,121],"above":[40],"the":[41,93,123,131,151,175],"excavation":[42],"were":[43,81],"extracted":[44],"applying":[46],"Interferometric":[47],"Synthetic":[48],"Aperture":[49],"Radar":[50],"(InSAR)":[51],"time-series":[52,78],"analyses":[53],"to":[54,83,97,162,170],"data":[55,110,157],"from":[56,111],"multiple":[57],"sensors":[58,63],"with":[59,136,158,181],"different":[60],"wavelengths.":[61],"These":[62],"include":[64],"C-band":[65],"Sentinel-1,":[66],"X-band":[67],"COSMO-SkyMed,":[68],"L-band":[70],"Uninhabited":[71],"Aerial":[72],"Vehicle":[73],"SAR":[74,109,156,165],"(UAVSAR).":[75],"The":[76],"InSAR":[77],"point":[79],"interpolated":[82],"continuous":[84],"distribution":[85],"surfaces,":[86],"weighted":[87],"distance,":[89],"entered":[91],"into":[92],"Minimum-Acceleration":[94],"(MinA)":[95],"algorithm":[96],"calculate":[98],"3D":[99],"displacement":[100],"values.":[101],"This":[102],"dataset,":[103],"composed":[104],"satellite":[106],"airborne":[108,155],"X,":[112],"C,":[113],"L":[115],"band":[116],"sensors,":[117],"revealed":[118],"previously":[119],"unidentified":[120],"surrounding":[122],"2nd":[124],"Street":[125],"Broadway":[127],"Subway":[128],"Station":[129],"adjacent":[132],"cavern,":[135],"maximum":[137],"vertical":[138],"horizontal":[140,172],"deformations":[141],"reaching":[142],"2.5":[143],"1.7":[146],"cm,":[147],"respectively.":[148],"In":[149],"addition,":[150],"analysis":[152],"shows":[153],"that":[154],"alternative":[159],"viewing":[160],"geometries":[161],"traditional":[163],"polar-orbiting":[164],"satellites":[166],"can":[167],"be":[168],"used":[169],"constrain":[171],"displacements":[173],"North-South":[176],"direction":[177],"while":[178],"maintaining":[179],"agreement":[180],"data.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}