{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216349821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224690","title":"Retrieving Rain Drop Size Distribution Moments from GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar","display_name":"Retrieving Rain Drop Size Distribution Moments from GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216349821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224690","mag":"3216349821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224690","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4690/pdf?version=1637745798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4690/pdf?version=1637745798","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037405244","display_name":"Merhala Thurai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Merhala Thurai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110078865","display_name":"Viswanathan Bringi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viswanathan Bringi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070503777","display_name":"David B. Wolff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0005-3754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802713533","display_name":"Wallops Flight Facility","ror":"https://ror.org/00r57r863","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802713533","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Wolff","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA GSFC Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA GSFC Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802713533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037017825","display_name":"David A. Marks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802713533","display_name":"Wallops Flight Facility","ror":"https://ror.org/00r57r863","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802713533","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Marks","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA GSFC Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA","Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA GSFC Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802713533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017828719","display_name":"Patrick Gatlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-1457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294504835","display_name":"Marshall Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02epydz83","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick N. Gatlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35808, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35808, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113858470","display_name":"Matthew Wingo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew T. Wingo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037405244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2415,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56107989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"22","first_page":"4690","last_page":"4690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disdrometer","display_name":"Disdrometer","score":0.8781706690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7234674692153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-precipitation-measurement","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","score":0.6409339308738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6315736770629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5892952084541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5731908679008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5668469071388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5556629300117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5147200226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drizzle","display_name":"Drizzle","score":0.4206128418445587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3143497705459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2591952085494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2071763575077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.1303522288799286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09281203150749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06212824583053589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116810829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230193","display_name":"Disdrometer","level":4,"score":0.8781706690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7234674692153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29278236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108963","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","level":3,"score":0.6409339308738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6315736770629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5892952084541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5731908679008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5668469071388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5556629300117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5147200226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63984324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211521","display_name":"Drizzle","level":3,"score":0.4206128418445587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3143497705459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2591952085494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2071763575077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.1303522288799286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09281203150749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06212824583053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224690","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4690/pdf?version=1637745798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0766f49fb34d4cfba01bb5410e8143a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0766f49fb34d4cfba01bb5410e8143a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 22, p 4690 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/22/4690/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224690","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4690/pdf?version=1637745798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1673391379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4258136046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC20K0893","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5087547599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC20K0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5690414346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7900347062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K0676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216349821.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216349821.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44958200","https://openalex.org/W223995386","https://openalex.org/W587687148","https://openalex.org/W1899968520","https://openalex.org/W1964708333","https://openalex.org/W1966213179","https://openalex.org/W1973074985","https://openalex.org/W1973084147","https://openalex.org/W1986103929","https://openalex.org/W1986358484","https://openalex.org/W1993617157","https://openalex.org/W1995164710","https://openalex.org/W2000612711","https://openalex.org/W2031261547","https://openalex.org/W2032195049","https://openalex.org/W2034914671","https://openalex.org/W2039845302","https://openalex.org/W2042013310","https://openalex.org/W2044940833","https://openalex.org/W2046573063","https://openalex.org/W2047432213","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2093652946","https://openalex.org/W2093878810","https://openalex.org/W2109576100","https://openalex.org/W2112116235","https://openalex.org/W2117620267","https://openalex.org/W2132283122","https://openalex.org/W2137015200","https://openalex.org/W2142416245","https://openalex.org/W2151112895","https://openalex.org/W2151244346","https://openalex.org/W2156498995","https://openalex.org/W2157382966","https://openalex.org/W2170584999","https://openalex.org/W2170997635","https://openalex.org/W2171689427","https://openalex.org/W2173031829","https://openalex.org/W2175511559","https://openalex.org/W2175865879","https://openalex.org/W2177746725","https://openalex.org/W2225288890","https://openalex.org/W2256742118","https://openalex.org/W2522735060","https://openalex.org/W2555290504","https://openalex.org/W2562987405","https://openalex.org/W2591107842","https://openalex.org/W2604298827","https://openalex.org/W2767638814","https://openalex.org/W2801322915","https://openalex.org/W2902665302","https://openalex.org/W2903829727","https://openalex.org/W2909608029","https://openalex.org/W2926318831","https://openalex.org/W2946293825","https://openalex.org/W2980254633","https://openalex.org/W2995131028","https://openalex.org/W3026701731","https://openalex.org/W3030807498","https://openalex.org/W3087715552","https://openalex.org/W3110738151","https://openalex.org/W3119625324","https://openalex.org/W3124460477","https://openalex.org/W3168982276","https://openalex.org/W3176994924","https://openalex.org/W3185427594","https://openalex.org/W4236137800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293739348","https://openalex.org/W2016167620","https://openalex.org/W2610052085","https://openalex.org/W3016423956","https://openalex.org/W2045185439","https://openalex.org/W2995812108","https://openalex.org/W3111718007","https://openalex.org/W2562987405","https://openalex.org/W2966589206","https://openalex.org/W2161054196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"method":[2,29],"for":[3],"retrieving":[4],"the":[5,14,20,31,44,53,68,72,76,85,114],"moments":[6,37,60,128],"of":[7,33,71,90],"rain":[8],"drop":[9],"size":[10],"distribution":[11],"(DSD)":[12],"from":[13,38,130],"dual-frequency":[15],"precipitation":[16,22],"radar":[17,47],"(DPR)":[18],"onboard":[19],"global":[21],"mission":[23],"satellite":[24],"(GPM)":[25],"is":[26,92,123],"presented.":[27],"The":[28,58,88],"involves":[30],"estimation":[32],"two":[34,39,95],"chosen":[35],"reference":[36,59],"specific":[40,54],"DPR":[41],"products,":[42],"namely":[43],"attenuation-corrected":[45],"Ku-band":[46],"reflectivity":[48],"and":[49,106,119],"(if":[50],"made":[51],"available)":[52],"attenuation":[55],"at":[56],"Ka-band.":[57],"are":[61,81,117],"then":[62],"combined":[63],"with":[64,94],"a":[65],"function":[66],"representing":[67],"underlying":[69],"shape":[70],"DSD":[73,127],"based":[74],"on":[75],"generalized":[77],"gamma":[78],"model.":[79],"Simulations":[80],"performed":[82],"to":[83,125],"quantify":[84],"algorithm":[86],"errors.":[87],"performance":[89],"methodology":[91],"assessed":[93],"GPM-DPR":[96],"overpass":[97],"cases":[98],"over":[99],"disdrometer":[100],"sites,":[101],"one":[102,107],"in":[103,108,113],"Huntsville,":[104],"Alabama":[105],"Delmarva":[109],"peninsula,":[110],"Virginia,":[111],"both":[112],"US.":[115],"Results":[116],"promising":[118],"indicate":[120],"that":[121],"it":[122],"feasible":[124],"estimate":[126],"directly":[129],"DPR-based":[131],"quantities.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}