{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213676710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224617","title":"In Situ Determination of Dry and Wet Snow Permittivity: Improving Equations for Low Frequency Radar Applications","display_name":"In Situ Determination of Dry and Wet Snow Permittivity: Improving Equations for Low Frequency Radar Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213676710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224617","mag":"3213676710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4617/pdf?version=1637231335","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4617/pdf?version=1637231335","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034011859","display_name":"Ryan Webb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-909X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182286215","display_name":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00924z688","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182286215","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan W. Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Water and the Environment, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA","Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Water and the Environment, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182286215","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041743285","display_name":"Adrian Marziliano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9344-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Marziliano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Water and the Environment, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Water and the Environment, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048927236","display_name":"Daniel McGrath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel McGrath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005278544","display_name":"Randall Bonnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-351X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall Bonnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044524467","display_name":"Tate Meehan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-9248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800251061","display_name":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05wk0m864","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800251061","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tate G. Meehan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83706, USA","US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800251061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076198944","display_name":"Carrie Vuyovich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carrie Vuyovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002766492","display_name":"Hans\u2010Peter Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4852-5637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Peter Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034011859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973","https://openalex.org/I182286215","https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.8575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94274778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"22","first_page":"4617","last_page":"4617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.9375096559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.9310144782066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6735706925392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6617066264152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-permittivity","display_name":"Dielectric permittivity","score":0.4804672598838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.47933802008628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water-content","display_name":"Liquid water content","score":0.4637051224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.45810651779174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4513038396835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.42221033573150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.3653850555419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.3426591753959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3089333176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.24272796511650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13863089680671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.06691208481788635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.9375096559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.9310144782066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6735706925392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6617066264152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986736532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Dielectric permittivity","level":4,"score":0.4804672598838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.47933802008628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995540","display_name":"Liquid water content","level":3,"score":0.4637051224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.45810651779174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4513038396835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.42221033573150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.3653850555419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.3426591753959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3089333176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24272796511650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13863089680671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06691208481788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4617/pdf?version=1637231335","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f8967649d3940878b65e87536c78d79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f8967649d3940878b65e87536c78d79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 22, p 4617 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/22/4617/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 22; Pages: 4617","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4617/pdf?version=1637231335","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G114789990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC20K0921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1634681931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K0877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8770665844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1824152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213676710.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213676710.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62149764","https://openalex.org/W94454059","https://openalex.org/W1764309586","https://openalex.org/W1861428648","https://openalex.org/W1963767708","https://openalex.org/W1983095182","https://openalex.org/W1987288027","https://openalex.org/W2002910992","https://openalex.org/W2012047807","https://openalex.org/W2014082923","https://openalex.org/W2016874011","https://openalex.org/W2021886372","https://openalex.org/W2048903028","https://openalex.org/W2071803139","https://openalex.org/W2078193439","https://openalex.org/W2078436981","https://openalex.org/W2083507309","https://openalex.org/W2085715769","https://openalex.org/W2088427144","https://openalex.org/W2092199275","https://openalex.org/W2100576267","https://openalex.org/W2103043028","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2106644082","https://openalex.org/W2111447576","https://openalex.org/W2149610901","https://openalex.org/W2153117892","https://openalex.org/W2157151881","https://openalex.org/W2166252673","https://openalex.org/W2171761316","https://openalex.org/W2461301683","https://openalex.org/W2468928203","https://openalex.org/W2531926157","https://openalex.org/W2561619973","https://openalex.org/W2593101117","https://openalex.org/W2605927651","https://openalex.org/W2624964505","https://openalex.org/W2888040649","https://openalex.org/W2899684694","https://openalex.org/W2930259620","https://openalex.org/W2979420601","https://openalex.org/W2994952356","https://openalex.org/W3040616458","https://openalex.org/W3081742159","https://openalex.org/W3113156374","https://openalex.org/W3123020833","https://openalex.org/W4200064768","https://openalex.org/W4231101305","https://openalex.org/W6671783958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2602529221","https://openalex.org/W163915500","https://openalex.org/W2620353957","https://openalex.org/W2018418715","https://openalex.org/W2061347359","https://openalex.org/W2061952983","https://openalex.org/W2093867097","https://openalex.org/W2544449737","https://openalex.org/W2088995601","https://openalex.org/W4382790298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extensive":[0],"efforts":[1],"have":[2,82],"been":[3,83],"made":[4],"to":[5,79,104,159,221,290],"observe":[6],"the":[7,34,38,48,107,142,224,227,298],"accumulation":[8],"and":[9,70,116,132,152,175,191,195,213,241,273,296,344],"melting":[10,182],"of":[11,18,37,50,61,100,110,125,189,226,301,333],"seasonal":[12,95,111,236],"snow.":[13],"However,":[14,76],"making":[15,330],"accurate":[16,331],"observations":[17,124,179,212,332],"snow":[19,96,112,130,169,173,197,204,228,237],"water":[20,134],"equivalent":[21],"(SWE)":[22],"at":[23],"global":[24],"scales":[25],"is":[26,57,259,297],"challenging.":[27],"Active":[28],"radar":[29,52,63,69,74],"systems":[30],"show":[31],"promise,":[32],"provided":[33],"dielectric":[35,44,108],"properties":[36],"snowpack":[39,250],"are":[40],"accurately":[41],"constrained.":[42],"The":[43,98,322],"constant":[45],"(k)":[46],"determines":[47],"velocity":[49],"a":[51,58,282],"wave":[53],"through":[54],"snow,":[55,264],"which":[56],"critical":[59],"component":[60],"time-of-flight":[62],"techniques":[64],"such":[65,341],"as":[66,293,342],"ground":[67],"penetrating":[68],"interferometric":[71],"synthetic":[72],"aperture":[73],"(InSAR).":[75],"equations":[77,272,280],"used":[78],"estimate":[80],"k":[81,286],"validated":[84],"only":[85],"for":[86,94,171,193,235,248,329],"specific":[87],"conditions":[88,174,251],"with":[89,128],"limited":[90],"in":[91,141,180,202,210,223,252,275,309,335],"situ":[92,211,276],"validation":[93],"applications.":[97,238],"goal":[99],"this":[101],"work":[102,323],"was":[103],"further":[105,257],"understand":[106],"permittivity":[109],"under":[113],"both":[114],"dry":[115,172,194,203],"wet":[117,196,263],"conditions.":[118],"We":[119,162,217],"utilized":[120],"extensive":[121],"direct":[122],"field":[123],"k,":[126],"along":[127],"corresponding":[129],"density":[131],"liquid":[133],"content":[135],"(LWC)":[136],"measurements.":[137,277],"Data":[138],"were":[139,267],"collected":[140],"Jemez":[143],"Mountains,":[144,147],"NM;":[145,148],"Sandia":[146],"Grand":[149],"Mesa,":[150],"CO;":[151],"Cameron":[153],"Pass,":[154],"CO":[155],"from":[156],"February":[157],"2020":[158],"May":[160],"2021.":[161],"present":[163],"empirical":[164],"relationships":[165],"based":[166,318],"on":[167,319],"146":[168],"pits":[170],"92":[176],"independent":[177],"LWC":[178,313],"naturally":[181],"snowpacks.":[183],"Regression":[184],"results":[185,201,305],"had":[186],"r2":[187],"values":[188],"0.57":[190],"0.37":[192],"conditions,":[198],"respectively.":[199],"Our":[200,304],"showed":[205],"large":[206,265,307],"differences":[207,220,266],"between":[208,269],"our":[209,274],"commonly":[214,270],"applied":[215,271],"equations.":[216,321],"attribute":[218],"these":[219],"assumptions":[222],"shape":[225],"grains":[229],"that":[230,256,287],"may":[231,245],"not":[232],"hold":[233],"true":[234],"Different":[239],"assumptions,":[240],"thus":[242],"different":[243,253],"equations,":[244],"be":[246,291],"necessary":[247],"varying":[249],"climates,":[254],"suggesting":[255],"testing":[258],"necessary.":[260],"When":[261],"considering":[262],"found":[268,289],"Many":[278],"previous":[279],"assume":[281],"background":[283],"(dry":[284],"snow)":[285],"we":[288],"inaccurate,":[292],"previously":[294],"stated,":[295],"primary":[299],"driver":[300],"resulting":[302],"uncertainty.":[303],"suggest":[306],"errors":[308],"SWE":[310,336],"(10\u201315%)":[311],"or":[312],"(0.05\u20130.07":[314],"volumetric":[315],"LWC)":[316],"estimates":[317],"current":[320],"presented":[324],"here":[325],"could":[326],"prove":[327],"useful":[328],"changes":[334],"using":[337],"future":[338],"InSAR":[339],"opportunities":[340],"NISAR":[343],"ROSE-L.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2021-11-22T00:00:00"}