{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214548618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224586","title":"A Time-Frequency Joint Time-Delay Difference Estimation Method for Signal Enhancement in the Distorted towed Hydrophone Array","display_name":"A Time-Frequency Joint Time-Delay Difference Estimation Method for Signal Enhancement in the Distorted towed Hydrophone Array","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214548618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224586","mag":"3214548618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4586/pdf?version=1637023864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4586/pdf?version=1637023864","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102730940","display_name":"Chuanqi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-9453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-9453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038672380","display_name":"Shiliang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-9568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shiliang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076758349","display_name":"Qisong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-7672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qisong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-7672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102019986","display_name":"Liang An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1028-3759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002368759","display_name":"Xinwei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-1522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-1522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087725851","display_name":"Hongli Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-3785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongli Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038672380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":1.254,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79478544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"22","first_page":"4586","last_page":"4586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5899858474731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophone","display_name":"Hydrophone","score":0.5269371271133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-delay-and-phase-delay","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","score":0.5093299150466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.44502755999565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43711966276168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-difference","display_name":"Phase difference","score":0.42949503660202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-distortion","display_name":"Phase distortion","score":0.42130768299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26348763704299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22907480597496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.07414957880973816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5899858474731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776328434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798062","display_name":"Hydrophone","level":2,"score":0.5269371271133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123792056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","level":3,"score":0.5093299150466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.44502755999565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43711966276168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017413879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Phase difference","level":3,"score":0.42949503660202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57747864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180948","display_name":"Phase distortion","level":3,"score":0.42130768299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26348763704299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22907480597496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.07414957880973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4586/pdf?version=1637023864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d5e11b81943d49c6a797eddfbc25c015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d5e11b81943d49c6a797eddfbc25c015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 22, p 4586 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/22/4586/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13224586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4586/pdf?version=1637023864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1593189575","display_name":"\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u7f6e\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11874109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7109114700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12174053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G997914651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91938203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214548618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214548618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963561750","https://openalex.org/W1968517920","https://openalex.org/W1979090482","https://openalex.org/W1988359519","https://openalex.org/W1992635574","https://openalex.org/W1998060703","https://openalex.org/W2012078644","https://openalex.org/W2036712135","https://openalex.org/W2041459702","https://openalex.org/W2042465044","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2063990608","https://openalex.org/W2070893423","https://openalex.org/W2091802218","https://openalex.org/W2095610598","https://openalex.org/W2099799786","https://openalex.org/W2102390242","https://openalex.org/W2106802876","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2127425870","https://openalex.org/W2129270830","https://openalex.org/W2163363378","https://openalex.org/W2165180801","https://openalex.org/W2165523162","https://openalex.org/W2214940685","https://openalex.org/W2283156098","https://openalex.org/W2338754419","https://openalex.org/W2479558434","https://openalex.org/W2541260719","https://openalex.org/W2605433473","https://openalex.org/W2905531958","https://openalex.org/W2912327531","https://openalex.org/W2918534198","https://openalex.org/W2967719571","https://openalex.org/W2993373447","https://openalex.org/W3003337346","https://openalex.org/W3010818268","https://openalex.org/W3012782297","https://openalex.org/W3018556337","https://openalex.org/W3044785928","https://openalex.org/W3082441378","https://openalex.org/W3099094914","https://openalex.org/W3135640979","https://openalex.org/W3156177116","https://openalex.org/W3158108239","https://openalex.org/W4256245490","https://openalex.org/W6666525432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277106721","https://openalex.org/W3174939492","https://openalex.org/W2134109056","https://openalex.org/W2653997015","https://openalex.org/W2126355508","https://openalex.org/W2386649005","https://openalex.org/W1999851387","https://openalex.org/W1982340826","https://openalex.org/W4313428469","https://openalex.org/W2120889885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,101],"acquire":[1,199],"the":[2,9,20,24,35,39,44,54,59,64,70,80,83,88,95,103,137,143,149,185,195,218,221],"enhanced":[3,200],"underwater":[4],"ship-radiated":[5,28],"noise":[6,29],"signal":[7,41],"in":[8,15,27,116,166,177,189,205],"presence":[10],"of":[11,23,53,58,69,79,87,97,140,162,172,184,220],"array":[12],"shape":[13],"distortion":[14],"a":[16,106,123,167,206],"passive":[17],"sonar":[18],"system,":[19],"phase":[21,84,131,150,186],"difference":[22,37,46,66,85,111,132,145,151,156,187,202],"line-spectrum":[25,60,72,90,164,175],"component":[26,91],"is":[30,74,114],"often":[31,92],"exploited":[32],"to":[33,77,130,170],"estimate":[34],"time-delay":[36,45,65,110,144,155,201],"for":[38,154],"beamforming-based":[40],"enhancement.":[42],"However,":[43],"estimation":[47,67,112,157],"performance":[48,68],"drastically":[49],"degrades":[50],"with":[51,128],"decreases":[52],"signal-to-noise":[55],"ratio":[56],"(SNR)":[57],"component.":[61],"Meanwhile,":[62],"although":[63],"high-frequency":[71,89],"components":[73,165,176],"generally":[75],"superior":[76],"that":[78,161,171],"low-frequency":[81,163],"one,":[82],"measurements":[86,152,188],"easily":[93],"encounter":[94],"issue":[96],"modulus":[98],"2\u03c0":[99],"ambiguity.":[100],"address":[102],"above":[104],"issues,":[105],"novel":[107],"time-frequency":[108],"joint":[109],"method":[113,121,197],"proposed":[115,120,196,222],"this":[117],"paper.":[118],"The":[119],"establishes":[122],"data-driven":[124],"hidden":[125],"Markov":[126],"model":[127],"robustness":[129],"ambiguity":[133],"by":[134],"fully":[135],"exploiting":[136],"underlying":[138],"property":[139],"slowly":[141],"changing":[142],"over":[146],"time.":[147],"Thus,":[148],"available":[153],"are":[158],"extended":[159],"from":[160],"single":[168],"frame":[169],"all":[173],"detected":[174],"multiple":[178],"frames.":[179],"By":[180],"jointly":[181],"taking":[182],"advantage":[183],"both":[190],"time":[191],"and":[192,212],"frequency":[193],"dimensions,":[194],"can":[198],"estimates":[203],"even":[204],"low":[207],"SNR":[208],"case.":[209],"Both":[210],"simulation":[211],"at-sea":[213],"experimental":[214],"results":[215],"have":[216],"demonstrated":[217],"effectiveness":[219],"method.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}