{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209551844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214358","title":"Adversarial Attack for SAR Target Recognition Based on UNet-Generative Adversarial Network","display_name":"Adversarial Attack for SAR Target Recognition Based on UNet-Generative Adversarial Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209551844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214358","mag":"3209551844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4358/pdf?version=1635765556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4358/pdf?version=1635765556","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070576173","display_name":"Chuan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-4653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433899","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2078-4215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100433899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92679854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"21","first_page":"4358","last_page":"4358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8906295299530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7652941942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6732151508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6341953873634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5644607543945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5508232712745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.495839923620224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.47303885221481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.440085232257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4183661937713623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8906295299530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7652941942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6732151508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6341953873634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5644607543945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5508232712745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.495839923620224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.47303885221481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.440085232257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4183661937713623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4358/pdf?version=1635765556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:220f1be6a20243fb87864a46f691a522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/220f1be6a20243fb87864a46f691a522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 21, p 4358 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/21/4358/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 21; Pages: 4358","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13214358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4358/pdf?version=1635765556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209551844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209551844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2038591350","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2103290993","https://openalex.org/W2111847198","https://openalex.org/W2148791593","https://openalex.org/W2158672843","https://openalex.org/W2159582914","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2292481059","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2640329709","https://openalex.org/W2754361766","https://openalex.org/W2789830462","https://openalex.org/W2888024549","https://openalex.org/W2909390529","https://openalex.org/W2917485473","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W3013256492","https://openalex.org/W3023942469","https://openalex.org/W3035821888","https://openalex.org/W3044816028","https://openalex.org/W3100144085","https://openalex.org/W3108810292","https://openalex.org/W3118560043","https://openalex.org/W3127159478","https://openalex.org/W3127457833","https://openalex.org/W3130760752","https://openalex.org/W3161293751","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6696636527","https://openalex.org/W6719080892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888032422","https://openalex.org/W3133123268","https://openalex.org/W2996316059","https://openalex.org/W4385421777","https://openalex.org/W4377980832","https://openalex.org/W2897769091","https://openalex.org/W2845413374","https://openalex.org/W3005996785","https://openalex.org/W4297411772","https://openalex.org/W4235873501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Some":[0],"recent":[1],"articles":[2],"have":[3],"revealed":[4],"that":[5],"synthetic":[6],"aperture":[7],"radar":[8],"automatic":[9],"target":[10,75,136],"recognition":[11],"(SAR-ATR)":[12],"models":[13,163],"based":[14,164],"on":[15,165,172],"deep":[16,36],"learning":[17],"are":[18,170],"vulnerable":[19],"to":[20,54,95,130,159],"the":[21,44,55,69,97,100,108,112,116,125,145,154,161,173,178,188],"attacks":[22],"of":[23,99,111,119,177],"adversarial":[24,31,52,61,65,92,103,117,127,156,190],"examples":[25,66,118,128],"and":[26,77,114,138,143,184,193,197],"cause":[27],"security":[28],"problems.":[29],"The":[30,58,105,122,182],"attack":[32,62,157,195],"can":[33],"make":[34],"a":[35,90],"convolutional":[37],"neural":[38],"network":[39,93],"(CNN)-based":[40],"SAR-ATR":[41,101,162],"system":[42],"output":[43],"intended":[45],"wrong":[46],"label":[47],"predictions":[48],"by":[49,67],"adding":[50],"small":[51],"perturbations":[53],"SAR":[56,83,120,132,175],"images.":[57,84,121],"existing":[59],"optimization-based":[60],"methods":[63],"generate":[64],"minimizing":[68],"mean-squared":[70],"reconstruction":[71],"error,":[72],"causing":[73],"smooth":[74],"edge":[76,137],"blurry":[78],"weak":[79,140],"scattering":[80,141],"centers":[81],"in":[82],"In":[85],"this":[86],"paper,":[87],"we":[88],"build":[89],"UNet-generative":[91],"(GAN)":[94],"refine":[96],"generation":[98,146,192],"models\u2019":[102],"examples.":[104],"UNet":[106],"learns":[107],"separable":[109],"features":[110],"targets":[113],"generates":[115],"GAN":[123],"makes":[124],"generated":[126],"approximate":[129],"real":[131],"images":[133,176],"(with":[134],"sharp":[135],"explicit":[139],"centers)":[142],"improves":[144],"efficiency.":[147],"We":[148],"carry":[149],"out":[150],"abundant":[151],"experiments":[152],"using":[153],"proposed":[155],"algorithm":[158],"fool":[160],"several":[166],"advanced":[167],"CNNs,":[168],"which":[169],"trained":[171],"measured":[174],"ground":[179],"vehicle":[180],"targets.":[181],"quantitative":[183],"qualitative":[185],"results":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"high-quality":[189],"example":[191],"excellent":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"efficiency":[198],"improvement.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}