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QUANTIFY THE ROLE OF VEGETATION AND TOPOGRAPHY IN CONTROLLING SNOW DENSITY AND SWE DISTRIBUTION. 4. CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FUTURE ATBD FOR A SNOW SATELLITE MISSION THROUGH A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN SNOW DENSITY AND SWE  AND THEIR EFFECT ON SWE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS. THESE OBJECTIVES WILL PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY DATA PRODUCTS THAT PROVIDE VALUABLE INFORMATION CONCERNING SNOW DENSITY AND SWE ACROSS A RANGE OF CANOPY AND TOPOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS. THE ABILITY OF OUR RADAR SYSTEMS TO RAPIDLY COLLECT GROUND BASED OBSERVATIONS BENEATH DENSE FOREST CANOPIES OVER A GREATER SPATIAL EXTENTS THAN OTHER METHODS IS UNIQUE. THIS ABILITY WILL RESULT IN SPATIALLY PERVASIVE DATASETS OF SNOW DENSITY AND SWE THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR MOVING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FORWARD. THE THREE TYPES OF AIRBORNE OR SPACEBORNE SWE RETRIEVAL CURRENTLY BEING TESTED DURING THE NASA SNOWEX MISSION ARE 1) DEPTH-BASED  SUCH AS LIDAR  STRUCTURE FROM MOTION  OR KA-BAND INSAR  2) VOLUME-BASED  USING ACTIVE OR PASSIVE SIGNALS IN THE MICROWAVE (5-89 GHZ) REGION  AND 3) INSAR PHASE-BASED  WHICH USES L-BAND INSAR TO ESTIMATE SWE. GROUND-BASED RADAR IS THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY TO PROVIDE INDEPENDENT INFORMATION  SENSITIVE TO DENSITY AND MICROSTRUCTURE  THAT CAN EFFECTIVELY CONSTRAIN THE LEADING SWE RETRIEVAL APPROACHES. OUR PROPOSED WORK WILL PROVIDE UNIQUE CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR KEY SWE REMOTE SENSING APPROACHES (LIDAR  SFM  ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MICROWAVE) AND SNOWEX MISSION INSTRUMENTS (ASO  UAVSAR  GLISTIN-A  AESMIR  WISM  SNOWSAR). THIS PROPOSED PROJECT WILL TRAIN ONE NEW PH.D. 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