{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205208946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193955","title":"Short-Term Variability in Alaska Ice-Marginal Lake Area: Implications for Long-Term Studies","display_name":"Short-Term Variability in Alaska Ice-Marginal Lake Area: Implications for Long-Term Studies","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205208946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193955","mag":"3205208946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3955/pdf?version=1633941623","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3955/pdf?version=1633941623","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anton M. Hengst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I430192","display_name":"Appalachian State University","ror":"https://ror.org/051m4vc48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I430192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anton M. Hengst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032302972","display_name":"William H. Armstrong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-6109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I430192","display_name":"Appalachian State University","ror":"https://ror.org/051m4vc48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I430192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040640220","display_name":"Brianna Rick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-7577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brianna Rick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048927236","display_name":"Daniel McGrath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel McGrath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430192"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2418,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55464239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"19","first_page":"3955","last_page":"3955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5334373116493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.48957690596580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4881780743598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.4179858863353729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.37593376636505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37149351835250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12955313920974731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5334373116493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.48957690596580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4881780743598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.4179858863353729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37593376636505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37149351835250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12955313920974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3955/pdf?version=1633941623","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b28a40b403504505b2f7962c2c86f7af","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b28a40b403504505b2f7962c2c86f7af","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 19, p 3955 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/19/3955/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13193955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3955/pdf?version=1633941623","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5702303551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OPP-1821002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6218659783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1821002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205208946.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205208946.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651841404","https://openalex.org/W1593891247","https://openalex.org/W1605499150","https://openalex.org/W1973643149","https://openalex.org/W1976660192","https://openalex.org/W1983851874","https://openalex.org/W2002551747","https://openalex.org/W2032237410","https://openalex.org/W2032276178","https://openalex.org/W2055195438","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2123047059","https://openalex.org/W2127570136","https://openalex.org/W2136624896","https://openalex.org/W2150948381","https://openalex.org/W2163827687","https://openalex.org/W2269629621","https://openalex.org/W2278432994","https://openalex.org/W2491477437","https://openalex.org/W2519423995","https://openalex.org/W2563884059","https://openalex.org/W2622632592","https://openalex.org/W2774605995","https://openalex.org/W2774713322","https://openalex.org/W2782264836","https://openalex.org/W2792104152","https://openalex.org/W2902140982","https://openalex.org/W2921305189","https://openalex.org/W2938547012","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W2992210793","https://openalex.org/W3081544560","https://openalex.org/W3101141013","https://openalex.org/W3123526965","https://openalex.org/W3129105209","https://openalex.org/W3170507461","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6678976218","https://openalex.org/W6680288048","https://openalex.org/W6726337751","https://openalex.org/W6760477040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208292847","https://openalex.org/W2953683148","https://openalex.org/W2321803822","https://openalex.org/W2375006581","https://openalex.org/W2384040671","https://openalex.org/W2353119293","https://openalex.org/W4386295918","https://openalex.org/W1972869306","https://openalex.org/W2346075209","https://openalex.org/W2768039853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lakes":[0],"in":[1,46,61,75,182,222,235],"direct":[2],"contact":[3],"with":[4,138],"glaciers":[5],"(ice-marginal":[6],"lakes)":[7],"are":[8,35],"found":[9,109,147],"across":[10,90],"alpine":[11],"and":[12,48,70,88,123,197,225],"polar":[13],"landscapes.":[14],"Many":[15],"studies":[16,224],"characterize":[17],"ice-marginal":[18,33,84,131,145,185,196,232],"lake":[19,66,132,146,159],"behavior":[20,82,230],"over":[21],"multi-decadal":[22,223],"timescales":[23],"using":[24,93],"either":[25],"episodic":[26],"~annual":[27],"images":[28],"or":[29],"multi-year":[30],"mosaics.":[31],"However,":[32],"lakes":[34,85,233],"dynamic":[36],"features":[37],"that":[38,171,201],"experience":[39],"short-term":[40,57,164,172,190],"(i.e.,":[41],"day":[42],"to":[43,79,110,148,161,228],"year)":[44],"variations":[45,206],"area":[47,133,141,165,180,191],"volume":[49],"superimposed":[50],"on":[51,135],"longer-term":[52],"trends.":[53],"Through":[54],"aliasing,":[55],"this":[56],"variability":[58,173,192],"could":[59],"result":[60],"erroneous":[62],"long-term":[63,236],"estimates":[64],"of":[65,83,143,151,178,189,204,209,231],"change.":[67],"We":[68,97,128],"develop":[69],"implement":[71],"an":[72,144],"automated":[73],"workflow":[74],"Google":[76],"Earth":[77],"Engine":[78],"quantify":[80],"monthly":[81],"between":[86],"2013":[87],"2019":[89],"south-central":[91],"Alaska":[92],"Landsat":[94],"8":[95],"imagery.":[96],"employ":[98],"a":[99,215],"supervised":[100],"Mahalanobis":[101],"minimum-distance":[102],"land":[103],"cover":[104],"classifier":[105,112],"incorporating":[106],"three":[107],"datasets":[108],"maximize":[111],"performance:":[113],"shortwave":[114],"infrared":[115],"imagery,":[116],"the":[117,139,183,202],"normalized":[118],"difference":[119],"vegetation":[120],"index":[121],"(NDVI),":[122],"spatially":[124],"filtered":[125],"panchromatic":[126],"reflectance.":[127],"observe":[129],"physically-meaningful":[130],"variance":[134],"sub-annual":[136,229],"timescales,":[137],"median":[140,156,184],"fluctuation":[142],"be":[149],"10.8%":[150],"its":[152],"average":[153],"area.":[154],"The":[155,187],"signal":[157],"(slow":[158],"growth)":[160],"noise":[162],"(physically-meaningful":[163],"variability)":[166],"ratio":[167],"is":[168,174,193,207],"1.5:1,":[169],"indicating":[170],"responsible":[175],"for":[176,195,218],"~33%":[177],"observed":[179,205,221],"change":[181],"lake.":[186],"magnitude":[188],"similar":[194],"nonglacial":[198],"lakes,":[199],"suggesting":[200],"cause":[203],"not":[208],"glacial":[210],"origin.":[211],"These":[212],"data":[213],"provide":[214],"new":[216],"context":[217],"interpreting":[219],"behaviors":[220],"encourage":[226],"attention":[227],"even":[234],"studies.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
