{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204287098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193948","title":"Corn Grain Yield Prediction and Mapping from Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Multispectral Imagery","display_name":"Corn Grain Yield Prediction and Mapping from Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Multispectral Imagery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204287098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193948","mag":"3204287098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3948/pdf?version=1634003651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3948/pdf?version=1634003651","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109476148","display_name":"S. Sunoj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Sunoj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001968450","display_name":"Jason Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8106-2961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052152772","display_name":"Joe Guinness","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Guinness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085740223","display_name":"Jan van Aardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan van Aardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037004785","display_name":"Karl Czymmek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl J. Czymmek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","PRO-DAIRY, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRO-DAIRY, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077734698","display_name":"Quirine M. Ketterings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quirine M. Ketterings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077734698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.2037,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91787345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"19","first_page":"3948","last_page":"3948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.8392996788024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.752211332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.5935250520706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5895096063613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.5821639895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5795646905899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5735408067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.56095951795578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2775261402130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18834659457206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1833777129650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.16195374727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.1496639847755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.09018951654434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06574815511703491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.8392996788024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.752211332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.5935250520706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5895096063613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5821639895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5795646905899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5735408067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.56095951795578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2775261402130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18834659457206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1833777129650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.16195374727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.1496639847755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.09018951654434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06574815511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3948/pdf?version=1634003651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c0860db048d448080fa394247efd205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c0860db048d448080fa394247efd205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 19, p 3948 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/19/3948/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13193948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3948/pdf?version=1634003651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2587008538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"no number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308070","funder_display_name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2745060828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1916208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4605873653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"no number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314928","funder_display_name":"New York Farm Viability Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308070","display_name":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","ror":"https://ror.org/03p7fww37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314928","display_name":"New York Farm Viability Institute","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204287098.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204287098.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1971977120","https://openalex.org/W1986072339","https://openalex.org/W1995029758","https://openalex.org/W2004675407","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2079023106","https://openalex.org/W2081033267","https://openalex.org/W2081652910","https://openalex.org/W2094677081","https://openalex.org/W2140632768","https://openalex.org/W2154920661","https://openalex.org/W2200121095","https://openalex.org/W2254509181","https://openalex.org/W2280131611","https://openalex.org/W2534655245","https://openalex.org/W2555638636","https://openalex.org/W2569963742","https://openalex.org/W2610239563","https://openalex.org/W2792205067","https://openalex.org/W2884865016","https://openalex.org/W2888753230","https://openalex.org/W2890565173","https://openalex.org/W2907854285","https://openalex.org/W2977286019","https://openalex.org/W2985760668","https://openalex.org/W2990075320","https://openalex.org/W2993028524","https://openalex.org/W3001468870","https://openalex.org/W3012975023","https://openalex.org/W3022735863","https://openalex.org/W3028726941","https://openalex.org/W3042701400","https://openalex.org/W3045531049","https://openalex.org/W3045852038","https://openalex.org/W3045865840","https://openalex.org/W3098378075","https://openalex.org/W3150095517","https://openalex.org/W6648899668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204926808","https://openalex.org/W4319317911","https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W4396668917","https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W4372264653","https://openalex.org/W4310842702","https://openalex.org/W3018080369","https://openalex.org/W4285330809","https://openalex.org/W4327662653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harvester-mounted":[0],"yield":[1,31,79,170],"monitor":[2],"sensors":[3],"are":[4],"expensive":[5],"and":[6,9,55,63,107,130,139,177,196],"require":[7],"calibration":[8],"data":[10,118],"cleaning.":[11],"Therefore,":[12],"we":[13],"evaluated":[14],"six":[15],"vegetation":[16,60,65],"indices":[17],"(VI)":[18],"from":[19,104],"unmanned":[20],"aerial":[21],"system":[22],"(Quantix\u2122":[23],"Mapper)":[24],"imagery":[25,103],"for":[26],"corn":[27],"(Zea":[28],"mays":[29],"L.)":[30],"prediction.":[32],"A":[33],"field":[34],"trial":[35],"was":[36,85],"conducted":[37],"with":[38],"N":[39],"sidedress":[40],"treatments":[41],"applied":[42],"at":[43,72,200],"four":[44],"growth":[45],"stages":[46],"(V4,":[47],"V6,":[48,195],"V8,":[49],"or":[50,152,202],"V10)":[51],"compared":[52,155],"against":[53],"zero-N":[54,108,117],"N-rich":[56,106,185],"controls.":[57],"Normalized":[58],"difference":[59],"index":[61,66],"(NDVI)":[62],"enhanced":[64],"2":[67],"(EVI2),":[68],"based":[69,91],"on":[70,92],"flights":[71,94],"R4,":[73],"resulted":[74,159],"in":[75,160,187],"the":[76,116,122,133,143,188],"most":[77,100],"accurate":[78,101,169],"estimations,":[80],"as":[81,83,179,181],"long":[82,180],"sidedressing":[84,190],"performed":[86,192],"before":[87],"V6.":[88],"Yield":[89],"estimations":[90],"earlier":[93],"were":[95,99,111],"less":[96],"accurate.":[97],"Estimations":[98],"when":[102],"both":[105],"control":[109],"plots":[110],"included,":[112],"but":[113],"elimination":[114],"of":[115,125,135],"only":[119,140],"slightly":[120,141,162],"reduced":[121,142,163],"accuracy.":[123],"Use":[124],"a":[126,147,161],"ratio":[127],"approach":[128],"(VITrt/VIN-rich":[129],"YieldTrt/YieldN-rich)":[131],"enables":[132],"extension":[134],"findings":[136],"across":[137],"fields":[138],"model":[144,164],"performance.":[145,165],"Finally,":[146],"smaller":[148],"plot":[149],"size":[150],"(9":[151],"75":[153],"m2":[154],"to":[156,194],"150":[157],"m2)":[158],"We":[166],"concluded":[167],"that":[168],"estimates":[171],"can":[172],"be":[173],"obtained":[174],"using":[175],"NDVI":[176],"EVI2,":[178],"there":[182],"is":[183,191],"an":[184],"strip":[186],"field,":[189],"prior":[193],"sensing":[197],"takes":[198],"place":[199],"R3":[201],"R4.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}