{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206291164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193934","title":"Optimizing Top Dressing Nitrogen Fertilization Using VEN\u03bcS and Sentinel-2 L1 Data","display_name":"Optimizing Top Dressing Nitrogen Fertilization Using VEN\u03bcS and Sentinel-2 L1 Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206291164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193934","mag":"3206291164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3934/pdf?version=1634020475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3934/pdf?version=1634020475","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103252615","display_name":"David J. Bonfil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-0036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I376102","display_name":"Agricultural Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/05hbrxp80","country_code":"IL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Bonfil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vegetable and Field Crop Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Gilat 8531100, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vegetable and Field Crop Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Gilat 8531100, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044537076","display_name":"Yaron Michael","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13955877","display_name":"Bar-Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgsv495","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaron Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086871590","display_name":"Shilo Shiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13955877","display_name":"Bar-Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgsv495","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilo Shiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000530739","display_name":"Itamar M. Lensky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13955877","display_name":"Bar-Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgsv495","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Itamar M. Lensky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000530739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4866,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82138092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"19","first_page":"3934","last_page":"3934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5396466851234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5264254808425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5121450424194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer","display_name":"Fertilizer","score":0.4641631245613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.4009110629558563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3677271604537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3567783832550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3564322590827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3247529864311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.17494326829910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14893335103988647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5396466851234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5264254808425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5121450424194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.4641631245613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4009110629558563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3677271604537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3567783832550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3564322590827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3247529864311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.17494326829910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14893335103988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3934/pdf?version=1634020475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92a4fc5dab194fb1979fd3cb1db89e72","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92a4fc5dab194fb1979fd3cb1db89e72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 19, p 3934 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/19/3934/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13193934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 19; Pages: 3934","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3934/pdf?version=1634020475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4116241526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3-14675","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323706","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323706","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel","ror":"https://ror.org/02heb2n75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206291164.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206291164.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14326099","https://openalex.org/W154596959","https://openalex.org/W1965696795","https://openalex.org/W1970697174","https://openalex.org/W1971883950","https://openalex.org/W1978815957","https://openalex.org/W1985555755","https://openalex.org/W1991786004","https://openalex.org/W1993193370","https://openalex.org/W2008979034","https://openalex.org/W2011107258","https://openalex.org/W2015613423","https://openalex.org/W2036452172","https://openalex.org/W2038840988","https://openalex.org/W2040157160","https://openalex.org/W2050334983","https://openalex.org/W2050531658","https://openalex.org/W2056251274","https://openalex.org/W2057154121","https://openalex.org/W2074747122","https://openalex.org/W2075844317","https://openalex.org/W2080742155","https://openalex.org/W2081048660","https://openalex.org/W2090134212","https://openalex.org/W2096599785","https://openalex.org/W2098688983","https://openalex.org/W2099786869","https://openalex.org/W2108806738","https://openalex.org/W2113998842","https://openalex.org/W2119582019","https://openalex.org/W2144559754","https://openalex.org/W2158377337","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2183297249","https://openalex.org/W2202053136","https://openalex.org/W2552571153","https://openalex.org/W2613648266","https://openalex.org/W2620795373","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2804971462","https://openalex.org/W2947253517","https://openalex.org/W2963235971","https://openalex.org/W2963402025","https://openalex.org/W2965915724","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W3005430388","https://openalex.org/W3007184286","https://openalex.org/W3010657180","https://openalex.org/W3012240802","https://openalex.org/W3015915949","https://openalex.org/W3025588226","https://openalex.org/W3026975067","https://openalex.org/W3080921188","https://openalex.org/W3165392281","https://openalex.org/W4291790358","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6664450429","https://openalex.org/W6675060911","https://openalex.org/W6686384187","https://openalex.org/W6729872284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252337044","https://openalex.org/W118630527","https://openalex.org/W38289631","https://openalex.org/W2592886773","https://openalex.org/W2922142213","https://openalex.org/W4211121235","https://openalex.org/W1903168099","https://openalex.org/W3030807550","https://openalex.org/W2903140286","https://openalex.org/W2365131446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Environmental":[0],"and":[1,14,107,116,142,148,167,175,192,244,295],"economic":[2],"constraints":[3],"are":[4,180,237],"forcing":[5],"farmers":[6,51,202,294],"to":[7,21,49,78,195,208,271,286],"be":[8,196,228,242,254],"more":[9,245],"precise":[10,33],"in":[11,89,155,203,256],"the":[12,32,37,59,72,80,94,109,134,160,164,172,189,201,223,257,284],"rates":[13],"timing":[15],"of":[16,31,39,45,61,83,104,114,120,136,177,197],"nitrogen":[17],"(N)":[18],"fertilizer":[19],"application":[20,56,207,233],"wheat.":[22],"In":[23],"practice,":[24],"N":[25,55,64,140,206],"is":[26,185,247],"frequently":[27],"applied":[28],"without":[29,278],"knowledge":[30],"amount":[34],"needed":[35],"or":[36,118,275],"likelihood":[38],"significant":[40],"protein":[41],"enhancement.":[42],"The":[43,269],"objective":[44],"this":[46],"study":[47],"was":[48,193],"help":[50,199],"optimize":[52],"top":[53],"dress":[54],"by":[57,92,293],"adopting":[58],"use":[60,272,287],"within-field":[62,165],"reference":[63],"strips.":[65],"We":[66],"developed":[67],"an":[68],"assisting":[69],"app":[70,226],"on":[71,124,188],"Google":[73],"Earth":[74],"Engine":[75],"(GEE)":[76],"platform":[77,191,259],"map":[79],"spatial":[81,149,173],"variability":[82],"four":[84],"different":[85],"vegetation":[86],"indices":[87],"(VIs)":[88],"each":[90,105],"field":[91],"calculating":[93],"mean":[95],"VI,":[96],"masking":[97],"extreme":[98],"values":[99],"(three":[100],"standard":[101],"deviations,":[102],"3\u03c3)":[103],"field,":[106],"presenting":[108],"anomaly":[110,225,261],"as":[111],"a":[112,266],"deviation":[113,119],"\u00b1\u03c3":[115],"\u00b12\u03c3":[117],"percentage.":[121],"VIs":[122],"based":[123],"red-edge":[125],"bands":[126],"(REIP,":[127],"NDRE,":[128],"ICCI)":[129],"were":[130],"very":[131],"useful":[132],"for":[133,168,200,230,260,290],"detection":[135],"wheat":[137],"above":[138],"ground":[139],"uptake":[141],"in-field":[143],"anomalies.":[144],"VEN\u00b5S":[145,274],"high":[146],"temporal":[147],"resolutions":[150],"provide":[151],"advantages":[152],"over":[153],"Sentinel-2":[154,178,183,276],"monitoring":[156],"agricultural":[157],"fields":[158],"during":[159],"growing":[161],"season,":[162],"representing":[163],"variations":[166],"decision":[169],"making,":[170],"but":[171],"coverage":[174],"accessibility":[176],"data":[179,184,277,289],"much":[181,198],"better.":[182],"already":[186],"available":[187],"GEE":[190,224,258,282],"found":[194],"optimizing":[204],"topdressing":[205],"wheat,":[209],"applying":[210],"it":[211,214],"only":[212],"where":[213],"will":[215],"increase":[216],"grain":[217,220],"yield":[218],"and/or":[219],"quality.":[221],"Therefore,":[222],"can":[227,253],"used":[229,255],"top-N":[231],"dressing":[232],"decisions.":[234],"Nevertheless,":[235],"there":[236],"some":[238],"issues":[239],"that":[240],"must":[241],"tested,":[243],"research":[246],"required.":[248],"To":[249],"conclude,":[250],"satellite":[251],"images":[252],"detection,":[262],"rendering":[263],"results":[264],"within":[265],"few":[267],"seconds.":[268],"ability":[270],"L1":[273],"atmospheric":[279],"correction":[280],"through":[281],"opens":[283],"opportunity":[285],"these":[288],"several":[291],"applications":[292],"others.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
