{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204126153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193809","title":"Sea Level Seasonal, Interannual and Decadal Variability in the Tropical Pacific Ocean","display_name":"Sea Level Seasonal, Interannual and Decadal Variability in the Tropical Pacific Ocean","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204126153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193809","mag":"3204126153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3809/pdf?version=1632386151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3809/pdf?version=1632386151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104179008","display_name":"Jianhu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0193-2787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666580","display_name":"Juan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-9633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113964932","display_name":"Jiyuan Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyuan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113095172","display_name":"Wei Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114549708","display_name":"Yuchen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-448X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100666580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.3194,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58755056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"19","first_page":"3809","last_page":"3809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.6436729431152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-level","display_name":"Sea level","score":0.6091809272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equator","display_name":"Equator","score":0.5490995049476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.5416423082351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5298025012016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.4985787868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.4395424723625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3327985405921936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6436729431152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74501621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125465","display_name":"Sea level","level":2,"score":0.6091809272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12980444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23538","display_name":"Equator","level":3,"score":0.5490995049476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5416423082351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5298025012016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.4985787868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.4395424723625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3327985405921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3809/pdf?version=1632386151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63929e86db2d4ad29118b1b5ad5a00c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63929e86db2d4ad29118b1b5ad5a00c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 19, p 3809 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/19/3809/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13193809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13193809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3809/pdf?version=1632386151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3640792250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42006021, 41806039, 4276233, 41806004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4517689906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42006021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5064416773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42076233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G529275957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41806039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7301416675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41806004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204126153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204126153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556245395","https://openalex.org/W1585569240","https://openalex.org/W1588713494","https://openalex.org/W1758986949","https://openalex.org/W1780719680","https://openalex.org/W1935305355","https://openalex.org/W1958405867","https://openalex.org/W1964452640","https://openalex.org/W1971528932","https://openalex.org/W1975902079","https://openalex.org/W1987376992","https://openalex.org/W1989685076","https://openalex.org/W1990098522","https://openalex.org/W1992738382","https://openalex.org/W1995371034","https://openalex.org/W1995837207","https://openalex.org/W1999133255","https://openalex.org/W2001434030","https://openalex.org/W2008435261","https://openalex.org/W2011912143","https://openalex.org/W2018512592","https://openalex.org/W2026713732","https://openalex.org/W2036429584","https://openalex.org/W2051299809","https://openalex.org/W2054315341","https://openalex.org/W2059984442","https://openalex.org/W2060945937","https://openalex.org/W2070558108","https://openalex.org/W2075756042","https://openalex.org/W2080410159","https://openalex.org/W2081808562","https://openalex.org/W2088664016","https://openalex.org/W2093401535","https://openalex.org/W2098107513","https://openalex.org/W2109378182","https://openalex.org/W2111255545","https://openalex.org/W2120804375","https://openalex.org/W2124725007","https://openalex.org/W2129347742","https://openalex.org/W2129961407","https://openalex.org/W2130298976","https://openalex.org/W2130467408","https://openalex.org/W2151377141","https://openalex.org/W2157837835","https://openalex.org/W2159757288","https://openalex.org/W2163654917","https://openalex.org/W2170589321","https://openalex.org/W2171241951","https://openalex.org/W2212089281","https://openalex.org/W2217960208","https://openalex.org/W2261732164","https://openalex.org/W2385436559","https://openalex.org/W2460340862","https://openalex.org/W2478565298","https://openalex.org/W2527986682","https://openalex.org/W2740758758","https://openalex.org/W2794074949","https://openalex.org/W2892283230","https://openalex.org/W2922409979","https://openalex.org/W2982579328","https://openalex.org/W3000016392","https://openalex.org/W3005247086","https://openalex.org/W3008808751","https://openalex.org/W3132691230","https://openalex.org/W6664047792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W25920789","https://openalex.org/W4399730859","https://openalex.org/W2095519632","https://openalex.org/W2006572756","https://openalex.org/W1669170731","https://openalex.org/W2060138630","https://openalex.org/W236434953","https://openalex.org/W2078445206","https://openalex.org/W2113638419","https://openalex.org/W2019576820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,205,228,246,266,302],"satellite":[1],"altimeter":[2],"data,":[3,7],"temperature":[4],"and":[5,8,24,81,102,137,188,195,231,279,310,330],"salinity":[6],"1.5-layer":[9],"reduced":[10],"gravity":[11],"model":[12],"are":[13],"used":[14],"to":[15,28,173,221,241,297,322],"quantitatively":[16],"evaluate":[17],"the":[18,21,25,33,46,52,56,60,65,72,75,79,85,92,99,107,114,126,129,135,144,147,156,171,177,185,193,199,211,215,222,232,239,249,261,264,269,276,283,292,311,320,328,333],"contributions":[19],"of":[20,48,55,84,91,125,159,192,198,238,248,268,282,295,305,319,332],"steric":[22,100,115,229,250],"effect":[23,101,116,230,251],"dynamic":[26,103,130,149,233,270],"process":[27,104,131,234,271],"sea":[29,61,68,95,109,150,178,202,207,225,243,299,324],"level":[30,62,69,96,110,151,179,203,208,226,244,300,325],"variations":[31,63,70,152,181,209,326],"in":[32,64,71,78,122,184,214,260,275,327],"Tropical":[34],"Pacific":[35,57,167,312],"Ocean":[36,58],"(TPO)":[37],"on":[38,59],"different":[39,53],"time":[40,175],"scales.":[41],"Concurrently,":[42],"it":[43],"also":[44],"analyses":[45],"influence":[47],"wind":[49,162,168,289],"forcing":[50,290],"over":[51,120],"regions":[54,83,124,191,262,281],"TPO.":[66,334],"Seasonal":[67],"TPO":[73,194],"were":[74,153,182,210],"most":[76,123,212],"important":[77],"middle":[80,189],"eastern":[82,190,216,331],"5\u00b0\u201315\u00b0N":[86],"latitude":[87],"zone,":[88],"explaining":[89],"40\u201360%":[90],"monthly":[93,200,223],"mean":[94,201,224],"variations.":[97,111,204,227,245,301],"Both":[98],"jointly":[105],"affected":[106],"seasonal":[108,148],"Among":[112],"them,":[113],"was":[117,252,272],"dominant,":[118],"contributing":[119,140,219,285],"70%":[121],"TPO,":[127,284],"while":[128],"primarily":[132,160],"acted":[133],"near":[134,263],"equator":[136],"southwest":[138],"regions,":[139],"approximately":[141,286],"55\u201385%.":[142],"At":[143],"same":[145],"time,":[146],"caused":[154],"by":[155],"combined":[157,303],"actions":[158,304],"local":[161],"forcing,":[163],"alongside":[164],"subtropical":[165],"north":[166],"forcing.":[169],"On":[170],"interannual":[172,180,240,296,321],"decadal":[174,206,242,298,323],"scale,":[176],"significant":[183],"northwestern,":[186],"southwestern,":[187],"explained":[196],"45\u201360%":[197],"intense":[213],"Philippine":[217],"Sea,":[218],"25\u201345%":[220],"can":[235,316],"explain":[236,317],"100%":[237],"contribution":[247],"generally":[253],"high,":[254],"accounting":[255],"for":[256],"more":[257],"than":[258],"85%":[259],"equator.":[265],"impact":[267],"mainly":[273],"concentrated":[274],"northwest,":[277],"northeast,":[278],"southern":[280],"55\u201380%.":[287],"Local":[288],"is":[291],"leading":[293],"role":[294],"El":[306],"Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern":[307],"Oscillation":[308,314],"(ENSO)":[309],"Decadal":[313],"(PDO)":[315],"90%":[318],"northwestern":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
