{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201510142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183693","title":"Time Varying Spatial Downscaling of Satellite-Based Drought Index","display_name":"Time Varying Spatial Downscaling of Satellite-Based Drought Index","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201510142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183693","mag":"3201510142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183693","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3693/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3693/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002956730","display_name":"Hone\u2010Jay Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-462X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hone-Jay Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035652172","display_name":"Regita Faridatunisa Wijayanti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166843116","display_name":"Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kbmmt89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["ID","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regita Faridatunisa Wijayanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia","Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064306483","display_name":"Lalu Muhamad Jaelani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-9016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166843116","display_name":"Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kbmmt89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lalu Muhamad Jaelani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046853251","display_name":"Hui-Ping Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-1075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Ping Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002956730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8993,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7354154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"18","first_page":"3693","last_page":"3693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.953880250453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.716396689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.6390713453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.6178830862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5941332578659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4857245087623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.46195507049560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-spatial-pattern","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","score":0.4617844223976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.41060948371887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35279470682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.3122987151145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2927435636520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20308557152748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15046009421348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11648097634315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09240058064460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07327497005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.049819231033325195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.953880250453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.716396689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6390713453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6178830862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5941332578659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4857245087623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.46195507049560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.4617844223976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.41060948371887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35279470682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3122987151145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2927435636520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20308557152748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15046009421348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11648097634315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09240058064460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07327497005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.049819231033325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183693","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3693/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00bca09c12d54be48e8ba9d04ef7e662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00bca09c12d54be48e8ba9d04ef7e662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 18, p 3693 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/18/3693/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 18; Pages: 3693","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183693","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3693/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4226464588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3/E1/KP.PTNBH/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326442","funder_display_name":"Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326442","display_name":"Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331994","display_name":"Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201510142.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201510142.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508903962","https://openalex.org/W1733387413","https://openalex.org/W1883380602","https://openalex.org/W1966262860","https://openalex.org/W1983745221","https://openalex.org/W2032013744","https://openalex.org/W2068235271","https://openalex.org/W2068738735","https://openalex.org/W2081491062","https://openalex.org/W2082819436","https://openalex.org/W2109731957","https://openalex.org/W2114553375","https://openalex.org/W2140994193","https://openalex.org/W2145088822","https://openalex.org/W2179231230","https://openalex.org/W2529239031","https://openalex.org/W2543983346","https://openalex.org/W2584693984","https://openalex.org/W2599868771","https://openalex.org/W2604988945","https://openalex.org/W2647103338","https://openalex.org/W2760596053","https://openalex.org/W2790376420","https://openalex.org/W2793581487","https://openalex.org/W2793666301","https://openalex.org/W2801135876","https://openalex.org/W2807939609","https://openalex.org/W2808556264","https://openalex.org/W2885404215","https://openalex.org/W2910440892","https://openalex.org/W3022992207","https://openalex.org/W3037707481","https://openalex.org/W3047031668","https://openalex.org/W3048362320","https://openalex.org/W3084329856","https://openalex.org/W3098062448","https://openalex.org/W3111205636","https://openalex.org/W3126724205","https://openalex.org/W3129347853","https://openalex.org/W3165641666","https://openalex.org/W3166170571","https://openalex.org/W3178761164","https://openalex.org/W3179361664","https://openalex.org/W6748872137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W415618860","https://openalex.org/W1969976536","https://openalex.org/W2188636363","https://openalex.org/W4311907788","https://openalex.org/W3158931948","https://openalex.org/W2158756521","https://openalex.org/W4256585242","https://openalex.org/W2888304028","https://openalex.org/W3080154996","https://openalex.org/W2587649948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drought":[0],"monitoring":[1,42],"is":[2],"essential":[3],"to":[4,51,108,198],"detect":[5],"the":[6,11,30,38,53,73,110,151,176,187,191,200],"presence":[7],"of":[8,14,58,175,186,203],"drought,":[9],"and":[10,81,99,119,134,138,156,163],"comprehensive":[12],"change":[13],"drought":[15,41,47,94,204],"conditions":[16],"on":[17],"a":[18,183],"regional":[19],"or":[20],"global":[21],"scale.":[22],"This":[23,102],"study":[24,103],"used":[25,104,197],"satellite":[26],"precipitation":[27,55,91],"data":[28,39,60],"from":[29],"Tropical":[31],"Rainfall":[32],"Measuring":[33],"Mission":[34],"(TRMM),":[35],"but":[36],"refined":[37],"for":[40,61,146,161],"in":[43,136,150,158],"Java,":[44],"Indonesia.":[45],"Firstly,":[46],"analysis":[48],"was":[49,69,95,126,143],"conducted":[50,70],"establish":[52],"standardized":[54],"index":[56,79],"(SPI)":[57],"TRMM":[59],"different":[62],"durations.":[63],"Time":[64],"varying":[65],"SPI":[66,171,181,193],"spatial":[67,106,124,137,162],"downscaling":[68,125,130,142],"by":[71],"selecting":[72],"environmental":[74,177],"variables,":[75,116],"normalized":[76],"difference":[77],"vegetation":[78,98],"(NDVI),":[80],"land":[82,100],"surface":[83],"temperature":[84],"(LST)":[85],"that":[86,123],"were":[87],"highly":[88],"correlated":[89],"with":[90,97],"because":[92],"meteorological":[93],"associated":[96],"drought.":[101],"time-dependent":[105],"regression":[107],"build":[109],"relation":[111],"among":[112],"original":[113,188],"SPI,":[114,148],"auxiliary":[115],"i.e.,":[117],"NDVI":[118],"LST.":[120],"Results":[121],"indicated":[122],"better":[127],"than":[128],"nonspatial":[129,139,164],"(overall":[131],"RMSEs:":[132],"0.25":[133],"0.46":[135],"downscaling).":[140],"Spatial":[141],"more":[144],"suitable":[145],"heterogeneous":[147],"particularly":[149],"transition":[152],"time":[153],"(R:":[154],"0.863":[155],"0.137":[157],"June":[159],"2019":[160],"models).":[165],"The":[166,179],"fine":[167],"resolution":[168],"(1":[169],"km)":[170],"can":[172,195],"be":[173,196],"composed":[174],"data.":[178],"fine-resolution":[180],"captured":[182],"similar":[184],"trend":[185],"SPI.":[189],"Furthermore,":[190],"detailed":[192],"maps":[194],"understand":[199],"spatio-temporal":[201],"pattern":[202],"severity.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}
