{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201194007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183681","title":"Emerging Sensor Platforms Allow for Seagrass Extent Mapping in a Turbid Estuary and from the Meadow to Ecosystem Scale","display_name":"Emerging Sensor Platforms Allow for Seagrass Extent Mapping in a Turbid Estuary and from the Meadow to Ecosystem Scale","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201194007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183681","mag":"3201194007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3681/pdf?version=1631697877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3681/pdf?version=1631697877","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018812878","display_name":"Johannes R. Krause","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-6353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes R. Krause","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biodiversity, Earth & Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biodiversity, Earth & Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073573461","display_name":"Alejandro Hinojosa\u2010Corona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-337X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64663401","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y de Educaci\u00f3n Superior de Ensenada","ror":"https://ror.org/04znhwb73","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64663401"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Hinojosa-Corona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y de Educaci\u00f3n Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y de Educaci\u00f3n Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64663401"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017037052","display_name":"Andrew B. Gray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-7367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew B. Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028546215","display_name":"Elizabeth Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-1647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Burke Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biodiversity, Earth & Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biodiversity, Earth & Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018812878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81197127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"18","first_page":"3681","last_page":"3681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10643","display_name":"Marine and coastal plant biology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10643","display_name":"Marine and coastal plant biology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10765","display_name":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seagrass","display_name":"Seagrass","score":0.9906580448150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.6380588412284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6185869574546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estuary","display_name":"Estuary","score":0.5321176648139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bay","display_name":"Bay","score":0.5225735902786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.49797534942626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.4882640838623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.457722544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.3763148784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3465389311313629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3203505873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.29546234011650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.098671555519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0610693097114563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777400808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646660","display_name":"Seagrass","level":3,"score":0.9906580448150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.6380588412284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6185869574546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88160329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47053","display_name":"Estuary","level":2,"score":0.5321176648139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.5225735902786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.49797534942626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4882640838623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.457722544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3763148784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3465389311313629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3203505873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.29546234011650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.098671555519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0610693097114563}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3681/pdf?version=1631697877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bbeee32eb099409c97a274ad866d81f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bbeee32eb099409c97a274ad866d81f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 18, p 3681 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/18/3681/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 18; Pages: 3681","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3681/pdf?version=1631697877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2464407085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIFA Hatch","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3081380025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3890658974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Hatch","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5341631160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CN-16-147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308797","funder_display_name":"University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5953832762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-R-ENS-5120-H","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7052718137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-R-ENS-5120-H","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7232195117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W4188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8606340594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W4188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308797","display_name":"University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201194007.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201194007.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501244682","https://openalex.org/W1544952324","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1635960211","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1910129377","https://openalex.org/W1964964224","https://openalex.org/W1964979562","https://openalex.org/W1973624124","https://openalex.org/W1974047452","https://openalex.org/W1978280065","https://openalex.org/W1989813163","https://openalex.org/W2011500029","https://openalex.org/W2017356794","https://openalex.org/W2019098807","https://openalex.org/W2024579315","https://openalex.org/W2031880404","https://openalex.org/W2036735605","https://openalex.org/W2066597251","https://openalex.org/W2078099285","https://openalex.org/W2084668217","https://openalex.org/W2090597248","https://openalex.org/W2094785904","https://openalex.org/W2133741276","https://openalex.org/W2141381585","https://openalex.org/W2174633941","https://openalex.org/W2531262202","https://openalex.org/W2591129009","https://openalex.org/W2603849672","https://openalex.org/W2620823684","https://openalex.org/W2766659087","https://openalex.org/W2768101903","https://openalex.org/W2785473200","https://openalex.org/W2884528098","https://openalex.org/W2888766590","https://openalex.org/W2889315001","https://openalex.org/W2900284876","https://openalex.org/W2900848656","https://openalex.org/W2915582924","https://openalex.org/W2941114027","https://openalex.org/W2954205242","https://openalex.org/W3000313760","https://openalex.org/W3009355673","https://openalex.org/W3087899714","https://openalex.org/W3100880220","https://openalex.org/W4210699701","https://openalex.org/W6728504095","https://openalex.org/W6738594376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3142168399","https://openalex.org/W4367184167","https://openalex.org/W2364626585","https://openalex.org/W2205096935","https://openalex.org/W4245729730","https://openalex.org/W2792892385","https://openalex.org/W2592643729","https://openalex.org/W2143129353","https://openalex.org/W2001818938","https://openalex.org/W1682739168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seagrass":[0],"meadows":[1,46,156],"are":[2],"globally":[3],"important":[4],"habitats,":[5],"protecting":[6],"shorelines,":[7],"providing":[8],"nursery":[9],"areas":[10],"for":[11,189,218],"fish,":[12],"and":[13,19,35,54,81,149,198],"sequestering":[14],"carbon.":[15],"However,":[16],"both":[17],"anthropogenic":[18],"natural":[20],"environmental":[21],"stressors":[22],"have":[23],"led":[24],"to":[25,40,61,70,118,139],"a":[26,48,127,184,213],"worldwide":[27],"reduction":[28],"seagrass":[29,45,74,112,144,185,193,203],"habitats.":[30],"For":[31],"purposes":[32],"of":[33,44,50,73,97,111,123,126,192,207],"management":[34],"restoration,":[36],"it":[37],"is":[38,137],"essential":[39],"produce":[41,71],"accurate":[42],"maps":[43,72],"over":[47],"variety":[49],"spatial":[51],"scales,":[52],"resolutions,":[53],"at":[55,114,157],"temporal":[56,100],"frequencies":[57],"ranging":[58],"from":[59,146,215],"months":[60],"years.":[62],"Satellite":[63],"remote":[64],"sensing":[65],"has":[66],"been":[67],"successfully":[68],"employed":[69],"in":[75,83,143,172,195,201],"the":[76,115],"past,":[77],"but":[78],"turbid":[79,196],"waters":[80,197],"difficulty":[82],"obtaining":[84],"low-tide":[85],"scenes":[86],"pose":[87],"persistent":[88],"challenges.":[89],"This":[90],"study":[91,159,170],"builds":[92],"on":[93],"an":[94,190],"increased":[95],"availability":[96],"affordable":[98],"high":[99],"frequency":[101],"imaging":[102],"platforms,":[103],"using":[104],"seasonal":[105,141],"unmanned":[106],"aerial":[107],"vehicle":[108],"(UAV)":[109],"surveys":[110],"extent":[113,145,194],"meadow":[116],"scale,":[117],"inform":[119],"machine":[120],"learning":[121],"classifications":[122,182],"satellite":[124,180],"imagery":[125,148,181],"40":[128],"km2":[129],"bay.":[130],"We":[131,174],"find":[132,150],"that":[133,151,177,200],"object-based":[134],"image":[135],"analysis":[136],"suitable":[138],"detect":[140],"trends":[142,152],"UAV":[147],"vary":[153],"between":[154],"individual":[155],"our":[158,169],"site":[160],"Bah\u00eda":[161,208],"de":[162,209],"San":[163,210],"Quint\u00edn,":[164,211],"Baja":[165],"California,":[166],"M\u00e9xico,":[167],"during":[168],"period":[171],"2019.":[173],"further":[175],"suggest":[176],"compositing":[178],"multiple":[179],"into":[183],"probability":[186],"map":[187],"allows":[188],"estimation":[191],"report":[199],"2019,":[202],"covered":[204],"2324":[205],"ha":[206],"indicating":[212],"recovery":[214],"losses":[216],"reported":[217],"previous":[219],"decades.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}