{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199620939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183628","title":"Feature Selection and Mislabeled Waveform Correction for Water\u2013Land Discrimination Using Airborne Infrared Laser","display_name":"Feature Selection and Mislabeled Waveform Correction for Water\u2013Land Discrimination Using Airborne Infrared Laser","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199620939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183628","mag":"3199620939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183628","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3628/pdf?version=1631696586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3628/pdf?version=1631696586","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028323824","display_name":"Gang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1068-1957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002869738","display_name":"Xinglei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-4419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinglei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018332007","display_name":"Jianhu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-8405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110235999","display_name":"Fengnian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0940-756X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099662","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/012wsxz85","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210099662","https://openalex.org/I4210111986","https://openalex.org/I4210120069","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengnian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Survey Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources of Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200136, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Survey Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources of Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200136, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002869738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.163,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7511803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"18","first_page":"3628","last_page":"3628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.9063379764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7187451720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6552890539169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6229310035705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5930823087692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4998636245727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4719209671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4216957986354828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3747645616531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3502557873725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2402741014957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17076808214187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.10795038938522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09587043523788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09017163515090942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.9063379764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7187451720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6552890539169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6229310035705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5930823087692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4998636245727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4719209671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4216957986354828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3747645616531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3502557873725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2402741014957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17076808214187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.10795038938522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09587043523788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09017163515090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183628","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3628/pdf?version=1631696586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:76970d376b8e40f9b9d620829c3e7380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/76970d376b8e40f9b9d620829c3e7380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 18, p 3628 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/18/3628/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 18; Pages: 3628","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183628","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3628/pdf?version=1631696586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5837867833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41906166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199620939.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199620939.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1976443904","https://openalex.org/W1996487804","https://openalex.org/W2007337950","https://openalex.org/W2017003478","https://openalex.org/W2017486173","https://openalex.org/W2019338616","https://openalex.org/W2028914821","https://openalex.org/W2044110745","https://openalex.org/W2063128146","https://openalex.org/W2071945470","https://openalex.org/W2072771198","https://openalex.org/W2093440841","https://openalex.org/W2095019477","https://openalex.org/W2096179302","https://openalex.org/W2116939143","https://openalex.org/W2117382780","https://openalex.org/W2120056500","https://openalex.org/W2130415283","https://openalex.org/W2169792816","https://openalex.org/W2529970009","https://openalex.org/W2605473822","https://openalex.org/W2609647848","https://openalex.org/W2611358420","https://openalex.org/W2622653238","https://openalex.org/W2789481028","https://openalex.org/W2793524142","https://openalex.org/W2802109291","https://openalex.org/W2911381541","https://openalex.org/W2965935370","https://openalex.org/W2978341006","https://openalex.org/W3022934908","https://openalex.org/W3023483106","https://openalex.org/W3106841851","https://openalex.org/W3157544508","https://openalex.org/W3172473202","https://openalex.org/W3180295515","https://openalex.org/W3196233024","https://openalex.org/W4236385439","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6798165309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W2176409448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,153,189,237],"discrimination":[1,47,83,105,139,180,220,252],"of":[2,12,23,29,64,94,114,137,143,148,204,235,239,259,266],"water\u2013land":[3,37,46,82,104,138,179,251],"waveforms":[4,28,92,184,199,206],"is":[5,87,156,174],"a":[6,120],"critical":[7],"step":[8],"in":[9,35,39,84,253],"the":[10,21,24,112,135,141,175,186,202,212,226,244,260,267],"processing":[11],"airborne":[13,30],"topobathy":[14],"LiDAR":[15],"data.":[16],"Waveform":[17],"features,":[18,52,66],"such":[19,53],"as":[20,54],"amplitudes":[22,238],"infrared":[25],"(IR)":[26],"laser":[27,91,109,150,183,241],"LiDAR,":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33,69],"used":[34,157],"identifying":[36],"interfaces":[38],"coastal":[40,85,254],"waters":[41,257],"through":[42,140,215],"waveform":[43,51,116,144,172,223,242],"clustering.":[44,218],"However,":[45],"using":[48,89,106,181,221],"other":[49,74],"IR":[50,90,108,149,182,222,240],"full":[55],"width":[56],"at":[57],"half":[58],"maximum,":[59],"area,":[60],"width,":[61],"and":[62,71,118,125,146,166,200,225,243,255,264],"combinations":[63],"different":[65,115],"has":[67],"not":[68],"evaluated":[70],"compared":[72],"with":[73,130,161,209],"methods.":[75,268],"Furthermore,":[76],"false":[77],"alarms":[78],"often":[79],"occur":[80],"when":[81],"areas":[86],"conducted":[88],"because":[93,258],"environmental":[95],"factors.":[96],"This":[97],"study":[98],"provides":[99],"an":[100,107,232],"optimal":[101,176],"feature":[102,177],"for":[103,158,178,250],"by":[110,207],"comparing":[111],"performance":[113],"features":[117,145],"proposes":[119],"dual-clustering":[121,191,228,246],"method":[122,155,192,229,247],"integrating":[123],"K-means":[124,217],"density-based":[126],"spatial":[127],"clustering":[128,142],"applications":[129],"noise":[131],"algorithms":[132],"to":[133,211],"improve":[134],"accuracy":[136,234],"positions":[147],"spot":[151],"centers.":[152],"proposed":[154,190,227,245],"practical":[159],"measurement":[160],"Optech":[162],"Coastal":[163],"Zone":[164],"Mapping":[165],"Imaging":[167],"LiDAR.":[168],"Results":[169],"show":[170],"that":[171],"amplitude":[173,224],"among":[185],"researched":[187],"features.":[188],"can":[193,230],"correct":[194],"mislabeled":[195,205],"water":[196],"or":[197],"land":[198],"reduce":[201],"number":[203,213],"48%":[208],"respect":[210],"obtained":[214],"traditional":[216],"Water\u2013land":[219],"reach":[231],"overall":[233],"99.730%.":[236],"are":[248],"recommended":[249],"inland":[256],"high":[261],"accuracy,":[262],"resolution,":[263],"automation":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}