{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200668469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183594","title":"Evaluation of Deep Learning Segmentation Models for Detection of Pine Wilt Disease in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images","display_name":"Evaluation of Deep Learning Segmentation Models for Detection of Pine Wilt Disease in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200668469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183594","mag":"3200668469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183594","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3594/pdf?version=1631186248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3594/pdf?version=1631186248","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101565740","display_name":"Lang Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-6072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146959","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lang Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441978","display_name":"Ruirui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-4238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146959","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruirui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-4238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430187","display_name":"Liping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0937-4290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146959","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102023573","display_name":"Longlong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-4603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146959","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longlong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026484028","display_name":"Tongchuan Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146959","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongchuan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101800291","display_name":"Wen Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-5085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146959","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101409854","display_name":"Chenchen Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-8657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146959","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenchen Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018645536","display_name":"Chunchun Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087232","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Pesticide Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0054tdg51","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunchun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Ruida Pest Control Company Limited, Jinan 250000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Ruida Pest Control Company Limited, Jinan 250000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087232"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100441978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146959"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.191,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95213566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"18","first_page":"3594","last_page":"3594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7213245034217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6735390424728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6573500633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.5593591332435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.5572658777236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.536055326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5063825845718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.475132018327713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.44431257247924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4406653046607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.4280155599117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-imagery","display_name":"Aerial imagery","score":0.4138694703578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3993920087814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.34637999534606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32270145416259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2174668312072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16302624344825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1312728226184845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7213245034217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6735390424728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6573500633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5593591332435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5572658777236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.536055326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5063825845718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.475132018327713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.44431257247924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4406653046607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.4280155599117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987819851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial imagery","level":2,"score":0.4138694703578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3993920087814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.34637999534606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32270145416259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2174668312072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16302624344825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1312728226184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183594","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3594/pdf?version=1631186248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:934e1d51b2254c248876dcfbc9f33324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/934e1d51b2254c248876dcfbc9f33324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 18, p 3594 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/18/3594/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 18; Pages: 3594","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13183594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183594","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3594/pdf?version=1631186248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1606935285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32071907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7952053104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFD0600202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324784","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04trzn023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200668469.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200668469.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2042063023","https://openalex.org/W2045297017","https://openalex.org/W2066559130","https://openalex.org/W2077631874","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2394033899","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2545276650","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2568053788","https://openalex.org/W2743265017","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2888011474","https://openalex.org/W2898964721","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2964609915","https://openalex.org/W3026381557","https://openalex.org/W3038245933","https://openalex.org/W3038941925","https://openalex.org/W3043099396","https://openalex.org/W3047930143","https://openalex.org/W3080397561","https://openalex.org/W3111779767","https://openalex.org/W3119001219","https://openalex.org/W3126306463","https://openalex.org/W3134990955","https://openalex.org/W3157577815","https://openalex.org/W3164557208","https://openalex.org/W3178598619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022849497","https://openalex.org/W3081299480","https://openalex.org/W2407190427","https://openalex.org/W2919210741","https://openalex.org/W2907584218","https://openalex.org/W3002446410","https://openalex.org/W4390224712","https://openalex.org/W4322096758","https://openalex.org/W4283696875","https://openalex.org/W3110585990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pine":[0],"wilt":[1],"disease":[2],"(PWD)":[3],"is":[4,26],"a":[5,39,78,85,94,158,162],"serious":[6],"threat":[7],"to":[8,22,31,57,81,97,107,181],"pine":[9,86],"forests.":[10],"Combining":[11],"unmanned":[12],"aerial":[13],"vehicle":[14],"(UAV)":[15],"images":[16,83],"and":[17,52,92,103,113,121,145,149,161,192,198,212,244],"deep":[18],"learning":[19],"(DL)":[20],"techniques":[21],"identify":[23],"infected":[24,55,101,127,226],"pines":[25,56,102,128],"the":[27,33,49,59,65,109,169,184,189,213,220,228,237,240,250],"most":[28,254],"efficient":[29],"method":[30],"determine":[32],"potential":[34],"spread":[35],"of":[36,54,62,67,100,126,196,239],"PWD":[37],"over":[38,130,172],"large":[40],"area.":[41],"In":[42],"particular,":[43],"image":[44],"segmentation":[45,69,231,255],"using":[46],"DL":[47,135],"obtains":[48],"detailed":[50],"shape":[51],"size":[53],"assess":[58],"disease\u2019s":[60],"degree":[61],"damage.":[63],"However,":[64],"performance":[66],"such":[68],"models":[70,136,177],"has":[71],"not":[72,234],"been":[73],"thoroughly":[74],"studied.":[75],"We":[76],"used":[77],"fixed-wing":[79],"UAV":[80],"collect":[82,98],"from":[84,179],"forest":[87],"in":[88],"Laoshan,":[89],"Qingdao,":[90],"China,":[91],"conducted":[93],"ground":[95],"survey":[96],"samples":[99,125],"construct":[104],"prior":[105],"knowledge":[106],"interpret":[108],"images.":[110],"Then,":[111],"training":[112],"test":[114],"sets":[115],"were":[116,147],"annotated":[117,129],"on":[118],"selected":[119],"images,":[120],"we":[122],"obtained":[123],"2352":[124],"different":[131],"backgrounds.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"high-performance":[134],"(e.g.,":[137],"fully":[138],"convolutional":[139],"networks":[140],"for":[141,175,223,253],"semantic":[142],"segmentation,":[143],"DeepLabv3+,":[144],"PSPNet)":[146],"trained":[148],"evaluated.":[150],"The":[151],"results":[152],"demonstrated":[153],"that":[154],"focal":[155],"loss":[156],"provided":[157],"higher":[159],"accuracy":[160,232],"finer":[163],"boundary":[164],"than":[165],"Dice":[166],"loss,":[167],"with":[168],"average":[170],"intersection":[171],"union":[173],"(IoU)":[174],"all":[176],"increasing":[178],"0.656":[180],"0.701.":[182],"From":[183],"evaluated":[185],"models,":[186],"DeepLLabv3+":[187],"achieved":[188],"highest":[190],"IoU":[191],"an":[193,202],"F1":[194],"score":[195],"0.720":[197],"0.832,":[199],"respectively.":[200],"Also,":[201],"atrous":[203],"spatial":[204],"pyramid":[205],"pooling":[206],"module":[207],"encoded":[208],"multiscale":[209],"context":[210],"information,":[211,218],"encoder\u2013decoder":[214],"architecture":[215,222],"recovered":[216],"location/spatial":[217],"being":[219],"best":[221],"segmenting":[224],"trees":[225],"by":[227],"PWD.":[229],"Furthermore,":[230],"did":[233],"improve":[235],"as":[236],"depth":[238],"backbone":[241,252],"network":[242],"increased,":[243],"neither":[245],"ResNet34":[246],"nor":[247],"ResNet50":[248],"was":[249],"appropriate":[251],"models.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
