{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195878253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163325","title":"Comparative Evaluation of Algorithms for Leaf Area Index Estimation from Digital Hemispherical Photography through Virtual Forests","display_name":"Comparative Evaluation of Algorithms for Leaf Area Index Estimation from Digital Hemispherical Photography through Virtual Forests","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195878253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163325","mag":"3195878253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163325","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3325/pdf?version=1629711375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3325/pdf?version=1629711375","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374914","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-7614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108910953","display_name":"Longhui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-6744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longhui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044843132","display_name":"Markku \u00c5kerblom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-232X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Akerblom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics, Unit of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, Unit of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438109","display_name":"Tiejun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1138-8464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiejun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073807486","display_name":"Andrew K. Skidmore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-8429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Skidmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087124281","display_name":"Xi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-5732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006620203","display_name":"Marco Heurich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-2930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800389101","display_name":"Bavarian Forest National Park","ror":"https://ror.org/05b2t8s27","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800389101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Heurich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481 Grafenau, Germany","Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481 Grafenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800389101"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100374914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0262,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8625066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3325","last_page":"3325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.9299503564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6637759804725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43055275082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4267911911010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.41556206345558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3968207538127899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39103710651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16449704766273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09448188543319702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.9299503564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6637759804725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43055275082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4267911911010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.41556206345558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3968207538127899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39103710651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16449704766273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09448188543319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163325","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3325/pdf?version=1629711375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/1bc25373-65da-4286-8c10-c9f54cd76ad9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/1bc25373-65da-4286-8c10-c9f54cd76ad9","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/265154269/remotesensing_13_03325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, J, Li, L, Akerblom, M, Wang, T, Skidmore, A, Zhu, X & Heurich, M 2021, 'Comparative evaluation of algorithms for leaf area index estimation from digital hemispherical photography through virtual forests', Remote sensing, vol. 13, no. 16, 3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163325","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0564b175bc5f4e0abfe9967f34dfcfbe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0564b175bc5f4e0abfe9967f34dfcfbe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3325 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3325/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 16; Pages: 3325","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/1bc25373-65da-4286-8c10-c9f54cd76ad9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/218384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/218384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163325","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3325/pdf?version=1629711375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2719332038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42001284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3910829908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G466649759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5877684799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0603603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6184738002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"834709, H2020-EU.1.1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6821437348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K202007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6946710714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0603603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7919663891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200722","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8218031721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8340078520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8502781941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20KJB420001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8676609639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Jiangsu","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195878253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195878253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520564836","https://openalex.org/W1534642640","https://openalex.org/W1720178141","https://openalex.org/W1965834331","https://openalex.org/W1970468125","https://openalex.org/W1971116548","https://openalex.org/W1972288805","https://openalex.org/W1976927006","https://openalex.org/W1977083889","https://openalex.org/W1977290837","https://openalex.org/W1980718009","https://openalex.org/W1982818815","https://openalex.org/W1985789994","https://openalex.org/W1986702444","https://openalex.org/W1988775509","https://openalex.org/W2001098976","https://openalex.org/W2003944446","https://openalex.org/W2016948742","https://openalex.org/W2020523254","https://openalex.org/W2028584895","https://openalex.org/W2030952677","https://openalex.org/W2037152307","https://openalex.org/W2037317818","https://openalex.org/W2038617433","https://openalex.org/W2042607091","https://openalex.org/W2048163075","https://openalex.org/W2058947207","https://openalex.org/W2063078821","https://openalex.org/W2063418562","https://openalex.org/W2069419553","https://openalex.org/W2070208338","https://openalex.org/W2086783159","https://openalex.org/W2091331161","https://openalex.org/W2092197994","https://openalex.org/W2095110822","https://openalex.org/W2095958845","https://openalex.org/W2108262685","https://openalex.org/W2113488626","https://openalex.org/W2113748593","https://openalex.org/W2127243393","https://openalex.org/W2128405001","https://openalex.org/W2153343587","https://openalex.org/W2161491521","https://openalex.org/W2166897060","https://openalex.org/W2167248655","https://openalex.org/W2167295715","https://openalex.org/W2179892239","https://openalex.org/W2182804170","https://openalex.org/W2400959036","https://openalex.org/W2543433405","https://openalex.org/W2587198835","https://openalex.org/W2591344151","https://openalex.org/W2613810272","https://openalex.org/W2730922943","https://openalex.org/W2743055249","https://openalex.org/W2754470632","https://openalex.org/W2755725666","https://openalex.org/W2761090773","https://openalex.org/W2763869597","https://openalex.org/W2773516464","https://openalex.org/W2784072627","https://openalex.org/W2788146971","https://openalex.org/W2789657632","https://openalex.org/W2807888046","https://openalex.org/W2886521753","https://openalex.org/W2903772126","https://openalex.org/W2908560465","https://openalex.org/W2943316090","https://openalex.org/W2955121758","https://openalex.org/W2969890884","https://openalex.org/W2979956468","https://openalex.org/W2991848483","https://openalex.org/W3004863650","https://openalex.org/W3032519630","https://openalex.org/W3037054039","https://openalex.org/W3044040804","https://openalex.org/W3082590915","https://openalex.org/W3085550999","https://openalex.org/W3106656741","https://openalex.org/W4233041824","https://openalex.org/W4287184047","https://openalex.org/W6631928141","https://openalex.org/W6667290843","https://openalex.org/W6668024616","https://openalex.org/W6685750114","https://openalex.org/W6744310114","https://openalex.org/W6840464306","https://openalex.org/W6843470577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W32300172","https://openalex.org/W1972288805","https://openalex.org/W2115049406","https://openalex.org/W3109221266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,199,216,302],"in":[1,12,27,65,90,212,315,358],"situ":[2,28,359],"leaf":[3],"area":[4,176],"index":[5,177],"(LAI)":[6],"measurement":[7,31,362],"plays":[8],"a":[9,24,40,257,293,350],"vital":[10],"role":[11],"calibrating":[13],"and":[14,104,116,123,159,173,209,229,235,270,298,348],"validating":[15],"satellite":[16],"LAI":[17,30,46,68,88,93,115,189,208,237,267,299,308,337,361],"products.":[18],"Digital":[19],"hemispherical":[20],"photography":[21],"(DHP)":[22],"is":[23,51],"widely":[25],"used":[26,92,98,318],"forest":[29,67,360],"method.":[32],"There":[33,291],"have":[34],"been":[35],"many":[36],"software":[37,94],"programs":[38,164],"encompassing":[39],"variety":[41],"of":[42,87,112,201,296,336],"algorithms":[43,89,194,203],"to":[44,62,76,152,167],"estimate":[45,168,232],"from":[47,140,170,179,186,191,339],"DHP.":[48,181,364],"However,":[49],"there":[50,255],"no":[52],"conclusive":[53],"study":[54],"for":[55,83,156,197,222,250,306,352,357],"an":[56],"accuracy":[57,85],"comparison":[58],"among":[59],"them,":[60],"due":[61],"the":[63,84,149,174,213,223,251,312,319,326,334,346,354],"difficulty":[64],"acquiring":[66],"reference":[69,351],"values.":[70],"In":[71,260],"this":[72],"study,":[73],"we":[74],"aim":[75],"use":[77],"virtual":[78,150,214],"(i.e.,":[79],"computer-simulated)":[80],"broadleaf":[81],"forests":[82,151],"assessment":[86],"commonly":[91,97],"programs.":[95],"Three":[96],"DHP":[99,172,340],"programs,":[100],"including":[101],"Can_Eye,":[102,227],"CIMES,":[103,228],"Hemisfer,":[105],"were":[106,126,137,165,195],"selected":[107],"since":[108],"they":[109],"provide":[110],"estimates":[111,190,338],"both":[113,157],"effective":[114,233,236],"true":[117,188,266],"LAI.":[118],"Individual":[119],"tree":[120],"models":[121],"with":[122,148,206,239,325],"without":[124,220],"leaves":[125],"first":[127],"reconstructed":[128],"based":[129],"on":[130],"terrestrial":[131],"LiDAR":[132],"point":[133],"clouds.":[134],"Various":[135],"stands":[136],"then":[138],"created":[139],"these":[141,202],"models.":[142],"A":[143],"ray-tracing":[144],"technique":[145],"was":[146,204,256,292,309],"combined":[147,324],"model":[153],"synthetic":[154],"DHP,":[155],"leaf-on":[158,171],"leaf-off":[160,180],"conditions.":[161],"Afterward,":[162],"three":[163],"applied":[166],"PAI":[169,210,234,297],"woody":[175],"(WAI)":[178],"Finally,":[182],"by":[183],"subtracting":[184],"WAI":[185],"PAI,":[187],"37":[192],"different":[193,342],"achieved":[196],"evaluation.":[198],"performance":[200],"compared":[205],"pre-defined":[207],"values":[211],"forests.":[215],"results":[217,332],"demonstrated":[218,333],"that":[219],"correcting":[221,249],"vegetation":[224,252],"clumping":[225,253,329],"effect,":[226,254],"Hemisfer":[230,271],"could":[231],"consistent":[238],"each":[240],"other":[241],"(R2":[242],"&gt;":[243,276],"0.8,":[244],"RMSD":[245],"&lt;":[246,282,288],"0.2).":[247],"After":[248],"large":[258],"inconsistency.":[259],"general,":[261],"Can_Eye":[262,316],"more":[263],"accurately":[264],"estimated":[265],"than":[268],"CIMES":[269],"(with":[272],"R2":[273],"=":[274,280,286],"0.88":[275],"0.72,":[277],"0.49;":[278],"RMSE":[279],"0.45":[281],"0.7,":[283],"0.94;":[284],"nRMSE":[285],"15.7%":[287],"24.21%,":[289],"32.81%).":[290],"systematic":[294],"underestimation":[295],"using":[300,341,363],"Hemisfer.":[301],"most":[303],"accurate":[304],"algorithm":[305,314,355],"estimating":[307],"identified":[310],"as":[311],"P57":[313],"which":[317],"57.5\u00b0":[320],"gap":[321],"fraction":[322],"inversion":[323],"finite-length":[327],"averaging":[328],"correction.":[330],"These":[331],"inconsistency":[335],"algorithms.":[343],"It":[344],"highlights":[345],"importance":[347],"provides":[349],"standardizing":[353],"protocol":[356]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
