{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197042937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163180","title":"Characterization of Urban Heat Islands Using City Lights: Insights from MODIS and VIIRS DNB Observations","display_name":"Characterization of Urban Heat Islands Using City Lights: Insights from MODIS and VIIRS DNB Observations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197042937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163180","mag":"3197042937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3180/pdf?version=1629343985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3180/pdf?version=1629343985","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102867486","display_name":"Jingjing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-0646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Meteorological Information Center, Beijing 100089, China","LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Shangdianzi National Atmosphere Background Station, Beijing 101507, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Meteorological Information Center, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shangdianzi National Atmosphere Background Station, Beijing 101507, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012387700","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-0490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Global and Regional Environmental Studies, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-0490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global and Regional Environmental Studies, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012433008","display_name":"Xiangao Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangao Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-6311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048334975","display_name":"Runsheng Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runsheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Meteorological Information Center, Beijing 100089, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Meteorological Information Center, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071446319","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Global and Regional Environmental Studies, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-9126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global and Regional Environmental Studies, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036363027","display_name":"Meng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7136-1108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Global and Regional Environmental Studies, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global and Regional Environmental Studies, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032914245","display_name":"Disong Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-7192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Disong Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-7192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012387700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.8551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67237517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3180","last_page":"3180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","score":0.8652539253234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7326478958129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.6797409057617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.642460286617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.6180456280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5300585627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5065573453903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.47389736771583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroradiometer","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","score":0.4563094675540924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.4254623353481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.42495256662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4231686592102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4107837677001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.357441782951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.23010918498039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19176706671714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13950300216674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.08201712369918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.08184337615966797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948273","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","level":3,"score":0.8652539253234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7326478958129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.6797409057617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.642460286617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.6180456280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5300585627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5065573453903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.47389736771583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130066347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680509","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.4563094675540924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4254623353481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.42495256662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4231686592102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4107837677001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.357441782951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.23010918498039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19176706671714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13950300216674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.08201712369918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.08184337615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3180/pdf?version=1629343985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15ddf3a3c06545dbb2b1fe8727ea19bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15ddf3a3c06545dbb2b1fe8727ea19bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3180 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3180/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 16; Pages: 3180","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3180/pdf?version=1629343985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197042937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197042937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512370337","https://openalex.org/W1622515456","https://openalex.org/W1774765787","https://openalex.org/W1963894054","https://openalex.org/W1964805252","https://openalex.org/W1966633071","https://openalex.org/W1970524222","https://openalex.org/W1981939599","https://openalex.org/W1983078406","https://openalex.org/W1983322114","https://openalex.org/W1986167706","https://openalex.org/W1995537516","https://openalex.org/W2004776481","https://openalex.org/W2012273291","https://openalex.org/W2016869120","https://openalex.org/W2021250137","https://openalex.org/W2023290766","https://openalex.org/W2029660080","https://openalex.org/W2034856015","https://openalex.org/W2038125488","https://openalex.org/W2046882056","https://openalex.org/W2075722067","https://openalex.org/W2090976648","https://openalex.org/W2096445870","https://openalex.org/W2096929100","https://openalex.org/W2111482234","https://openalex.org/W2121296275","https://openalex.org/W2149027690","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2154180993","https://openalex.org/W2161316031","https://openalex.org/W2162063693","https://openalex.org/W2163117137","https://openalex.org/W2169278316","https://openalex.org/W2262485180","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2512410850","https://openalex.org/W2573866540","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2885226068","https://openalex.org/W6651902496","https://openalex.org/W6673577707","https://openalex.org/W6693021981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036912241","https://openalex.org/W1968901811","https://openalex.org/W2087241461","https://openalex.org/W1609312116","https://openalex.org/W2098219828","https://openalex.org/W2045907675","https://openalex.org/W2360114125","https://openalex.org/W2028054326","https://openalex.org/W3107349184","https://openalex.org/W3120304345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"urban":[1,13,33,236,244,249],"heat":[2],"island":[3],"(UHI)":[4],"is":[5,15,92,139,172,226],"a":[6,20,132,173],"phenomenon":[7],"whereby":[8],"the":[9,26,39,44,52,60,85,119,163,168,196,211,215,222,228,232,240,255],"temperature":[10,55],"in":[11,182,199],"an":[12],"area":[14],"significantly":[16],"warmer":[17],"than":[18,107],"it":[19],"rural":[21],"area.":[22],"To":[23],"further":[24],"advance":[25],"characterization":[27],"and":[28,51,78,102,110,156,179,184,257],"understanding":[29],"of":[30,118,126,148,162,214,221,234,243],"UHIs":[31],"within":[32],"areas,":[34],"nighttime":[35,106,248],"light":[36,237],"measured":[37,251],"by":[38],"Day/Night":[40],"Band":[41],"(DNB)":[42],"onboard":[43],"Visible":[45],"Infrared":[46],"Imaging":[47,63],"Radiometer":[48],"Suite":[49],"(VIIRS)":[50],"land":[53],"surface":[54],"(LST)":[56],"data":[57,104,112,181,193],"derived":[58],"from":[59,252],"Moderate":[61],"Resolution":[62],"Spectroradiometer":[64],"(MODIS)":[65],"combined":[66],"with":[67,95],"principal":[68],"component":[69,129],"analysis":[70,91,130],"(PCA)":[71],"are":[72,82,122,150,188],"used":[73,140],"here.":[74],"Beijing":[75,183],"(highly":[76],"developed)":[77,81],"Pyongyang":[79],"(less":[80],"selected":[83],"as":[84],"two":[86,200],"case":[87],"studies.":[88],"Linear":[89],"correlation":[90,120],"first":[93,216,229],"used,":[94],"higher":[96],"correlations":[97],"being":[98],"found":[99],"between":[100,108],"DNB":[101,180,192],"LST":[103,111,178],"at":[105,254],"population":[109],"for":[113,176,191,247],"both":[114,177],"cities,":[115],"although":[116],"none":[117],"coefficients":[121],"particularly":[123],"high":[124],"because":[125],"noise.":[127],"Principal":[128],"(PCA),":[131],"method":[133],"that":[134,167],"can":[135],"remove":[136],"random":[137],"noise,":[138],"to":[141,195,230,238],"extract":[142],"more":[143],"useful":[144],"information.":[145],"Two":[146],"types":[147],"PCA":[149,165,204],"conducted,":[151],"focusing":[152],"on":[153],"spatial":[154,208,212,241],"(S)":[155],"temporal":[157,170],"(T)":[158],"patterns.":[159],"The":[160,202],"results":[161,205],"S-mode":[164],"reveal":[166],"typical":[169],"variation":[171,242],"seasonal":[174],"cycle":[175],"Pyongyang.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"there":[187],"monthly":[189],"cycles":[190],"related":[194],"moon":[197],"phase":[198],"cities.":[201],"T-mode":[203],"show":[206],"important":[207],"information,":[209],"while":[210],"pattern":[213],"mode":[217],"explains":[218],"over":[219],"50%":[220],"variation.":[223],"This":[224],"study":[225,239],"among":[227],"demonstrate":[231],"advantages":[233],"using":[235],"heat,":[245],"especially":[246],"temperatures":[250],"space,":[253],"street":[256],"neighborhood":[258],"scales.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
