{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3192892557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163154","title":"How to Measure the Urban Park Cooling Island? A Perspective of Absolute and Relative Indicators Using Remote Sensing and Buffer Analysis","display_name":"How to Measure the Urban Park Cooling Island? A Perspective of Absolute and Relative Indicators Using Remote Sensing and Buffer Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3192892557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163154","mag":"3192892557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163154","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3154/pdf?version=1628587200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3154/pdf?version=1628587200","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053860901","display_name":"Wenhao Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101792025","display_name":"Jiabin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6140-0079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057731911","display_name":"Chaobin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-5845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144289","display_name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03rpsvy57","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaobin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China","School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China","Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144289","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050962","display_name":"Min Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1524-7757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023158186","display_name":"Xinliang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-9747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinliang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039936423","display_name":"Caoxiang Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125497","display_name":"Liaoning Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03616xn26","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caoxiang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenyang Meteorological Bureau, Shenyang 110168, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenyang Meteorological Bureau, Shenyang 110168, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125497"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057731911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144289","https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.9314,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94390891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3154","last_page":"3154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.6779025197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.5738565921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-park","display_name":"Urban park","score":0.5472589731216431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5419607162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.48510801792144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.46556520462036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-cover","display_name":"Vegetation cover","score":0.44963476061820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buffer-zone","display_name":"Buffer zone","score":0.4443683922290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.44240617752075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4115538001060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.21486929059028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.20708298683166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.16386562585830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1185910701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.10695073008537292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09413745999336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.08172374963760376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.6779025197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.5738565921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993471756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22746","display_name":"Urban park","level":2,"score":0.5472589731216431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5419607162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.48510801792144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46556520462036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983732647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187997","display_name":"Vegetation cover","level":3,"score":0.44963476061820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778043458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054581","display_name":"Buffer zone","level":2,"score":0.4443683922290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.44240617752075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4115538001060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.21486929059028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.20708298683166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.16386562585830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1185910701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10695073008537292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09413745999336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.08172374963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163154","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3154/pdf?version=1628587200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:562e1f4d5c204c2c8fd891f86d32eb83","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/562e1f4d5c204c2c8fd891f86d32eb83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3154 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3154/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 16; Pages: 3154","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163154","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3154/pdf?version=1628587200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2696157397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3497226477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5246850408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019BD036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331069","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3192892557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3192892557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542048440","https://openalex.org/W1804069575","https://openalex.org/W1979224909","https://openalex.org/W1983322114","https://openalex.org/W1984811700","https://openalex.org/W1991776813","https://openalex.org/W1996005452","https://openalex.org/W1997878581","https://openalex.org/W2001564322","https://openalex.org/W2006273284","https://openalex.org/W2011214971","https://openalex.org/W2025799929","https://openalex.org/W2028529111","https://openalex.org/W2035237375","https://openalex.org/W2056436675","https://openalex.org/W2074398030","https://openalex.org/W2077594097","https://openalex.org/W2079378643","https://openalex.org/W2093938910","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2156049446","https://openalex.org/W2198515906","https://openalex.org/W2528767151","https://openalex.org/W2605399805","https://openalex.org/W2623109980","https://openalex.org/W2724376536","https://openalex.org/W2755273945","https://openalex.org/W2766966413","https://openalex.org/W2771193093","https://openalex.org/W2773881107","https://openalex.org/W2782535317","https://openalex.org/W2793394881","https://openalex.org/W2802362162","https://openalex.org/W2808001762","https://openalex.org/W2884157838","https://openalex.org/W2889354490","https://openalex.org/W2900601119","https://openalex.org/W2910461540","https://openalex.org/W2911609406","https://openalex.org/W2913168997","https://openalex.org/W2953780136","https://openalex.org/W2977613254","https://openalex.org/W2983028672","https://openalex.org/W2991054216","https://openalex.org/W3002152647","https://openalex.org/W3005195542","https://openalex.org/W3008002104","https://openalex.org/W3014550513","https://openalex.org/W3016008631","https://openalex.org/W3016189291","https://openalex.org/W3018769223","https://openalex.org/W3023057852","https://openalex.org/W3025148635","https://openalex.org/W3040358556","https://openalex.org/W3043226372","https://openalex.org/W3048420160","https://openalex.org/W3095845485","https://openalex.org/W3116084822","https://openalex.org/W3128399554","https://openalex.org/W3135436638","https://openalex.org/W3167078479","https://openalex.org/W6747437692","https://openalex.org/W6770867696","https://openalex.org/W6774200516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374100333","https://openalex.org/W4391980134","https://openalex.org/W2368915900","https://openalex.org/W2385922464","https://openalex.org/W2357195633","https://openalex.org/W2568779994","https://openalex.org/W2399356217","https://openalex.org/W4396668917","https://openalex.org/W4389339194","https://openalex.org/W1970402878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"parks":[1,46,123,246,277],"have":[2],"been":[3],"proven":[4],"to":[5,18,56,71,85,99,290],"cool":[6],"the":[7,14,32,58,62,73,87,101,107,115,132,136,148,172,176,199,212,224,229,234,241,264,273,276],"surrounding":[8,177],"environment,":[9],"and":[10,50,53,78,106,169,189,208,233,287],"can":[11],"thus":[12],"mitigate":[13],"urban":[15,45,122],"heat":[16],"island":[17,160,237],"an":[19],"extent":[20],"by":[21,90,211,278],"forming":[22],"a":[23,28,249,259,284,292],"park":[24,35,63,104,108,150,158,182,190,200,225,235,267,294],"cooling":[25,36,64,109,151,159,226,236,261,295],"island.":[26,65,110,227,296],"However,":[27,228],"comprehensive":[29],"understanding":[30],"of":[31,34,61,76,121,131,140,175,275],"mechanism":[33],"islands":[37],"is":[38],"still":[39],"required.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"we":[42],"studied":[43],"32":[44],"in":[47,254,266],"Jinan,":[48],"China":[49],"proposed":[51],"absolute":[52],"relative":[54],"indicators":[55],"depict":[57],"detailed":[59],"features":[60,174],"High-spatial-resolution":[66],"GF-2":[67],"images":[68,82],"were":[69,83,97,194,218],"used":[70,84],"obtain":[72],"land":[74,117],"cover":[75],"parks,":[77],"Landsat":[79],"8":[80],"TIR":[81],"examine":[86],"thermal":[88],"environment":[89],"applying":[91],"buffer":[92],"analysis.":[93],"Linear":[94],"statistical":[95],"models":[96],"developed":[98],"explore":[100],"relationships":[102],"between":[103,231],"characteristics":[105],"The":[111,157],"results":[112,242],"showed":[113],"that":[114,130,205,222,244],"average":[116,149],"surface":[118],"temperature":[119,138],"(LST)":[120],"was":[124,153,238],"approximately":[125,154],"3.6":[126],"\u00b0C":[127,142],"lower":[128],"than":[129,248],"study":[133],"area,":[134],"with":[135,198,263],"largest":[137],"difference":[139,214],"7.84":[141],"occurring":[143],"during":[144],"summer":[145],"daytime,":[146],"while":[147],"area":[152,180,186],"120.68":[155],"ha.":[156],"could":[161],"be":[162,283],"classified":[163],"into":[164],"four":[165],"categories\u2014regular,":[166],"declined,":[167],"increased,":[168],"others\u2014based":[170],"on":[171],"changing":[173],"LSTs.":[178],"Park":[179],"(PA),":[181],"perimeter":[183],"(PP),":[184],"water":[185],"proportion":[187],"(WAP),":[188],"shape":[191],"index":[192,216],"(PSI)":[193],"significantly":[195],"negatively":[196],"correlated":[197],"LST.":[201],"We":[202],"also":[203],"found":[204],"WAP,":[206],"PP,":[207],"greenness":[209],"(characterized":[210],"normalized":[213],"vegetation":[215,281],"(NDVI))":[217],"three":[219],"important":[220],"factors":[221],"determined":[223],"relationship":[230],"PA":[232],"complex,":[239],"as":[240],"indicated":[243],"only":[245],"larger":[247,260],"threshold":[250],"size":[251],"(20":[252],"ha":[253],"our":[255],"study)":[256],"would":[257,282],"provide":[258],"effect":[262],"increase":[265],"size.":[268],"In":[269],"this":[270],"case,":[271],"increasing":[272],"NDVI":[274],"planting":[279],"more":[280,285],"sustainable":[286],"effective":[288],"solution":[289],"form":[291],"stronger":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
