{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196641506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163132","title":"PolSAR Image Land Cover Classification Based on Hierarchical Capsule Network","display_name":"PolSAR Image Land Cover Classification Based on Hierarchical Capsule Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196641506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163132","mag":"3196641506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3132/pdf?version=1628483659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3132/pdf?version=1628483659","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083961784","display_name":"Jianda Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-9778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianda Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690860","display_name":"Fan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-2373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023203007","display_name":"Deliang Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-6621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deliang Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082881761","display_name":"Qiang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8413-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011454815","display_name":"Yongsheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100776069","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-3835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023203007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":7.1394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96532135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3132","last_page":"3132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7309582233428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.698707640171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6476112604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5735893249511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5210247039794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.47227275371551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.47150033712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44065141677856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3556452989578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.09721317887306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.09612277150154114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7309582233428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.698707640171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6476112604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5735893249511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5210247039794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.47227275371551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.47150033712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44065141677856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3556452989578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.09721317887306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.09612277150154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3132/pdf?version=1628483659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98acc0114ce04daa84671318a50f99fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98acc0114ce04daa84671318a50f99fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3132 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3132/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 16; Pages: 3132","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3132/pdf?version=1628483659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4463963273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XK2020-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5242582231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6148933700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6606257290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196641506.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196641506.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1820232756","https://openalex.org/W1979884400","https://openalex.org/W2023492626","https://openalex.org/W2048013838","https://openalex.org/W2054279472","https://openalex.org/W2059637670","https://openalex.org/W2104001657","https://openalex.org/W2133989913","https://openalex.org/W2136991772","https://openalex.org/W2141424348","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2154830216","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2216057030","https://openalex.org/W2588704026","https://openalex.org/W2597537214","https://openalex.org/W2604554702","https://openalex.org/W2766130785","https://openalex.org/W2766299269","https://openalex.org/W2768038465","https://openalex.org/W2793189836","https://openalex.org/W2793659031","https://openalex.org/W2796674559","https://openalex.org/W2801780650","https://openalex.org/W2889943009","https://openalex.org/W2894214161","https://openalex.org/W2897760800","https://openalex.org/W2901258055","https://openalex.org/W2904891876","https://openalex.org/W2912371366","https://openalex.org/W2919352650","https://openalex.org/W2921430410","https://openalex.org/W2943610953","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W2955928210","https://openalex.org/W2956119932","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964229061","https://openalex.org/W2973162624","https://openalex.org/W2995525027","https://openalex.org/W2996553655","https://openalex.org/W3000122775","https://openalex.org/W3002750555","https://openalex.org/W3008424049","https://openalex.org/W3009294055","https://openalex.org/W3022951770","https://openalex.org/W3024707412","https://openalex.org/W3025076003","https://openalex.org/W3033361357","https://openalex.org/W3049114146","https://openalex.org/W3086897046","https://openalex.org/W3094965608","https://openalex.org/W3105698493","https://openalex.org/W3114663661","https://openalex.org/W3120259842","https://openalex.org/W6748053814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856","https://openalex.org/W3010730661","https://openalex.org/W2043913960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polarimetric":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(PolSAR)":[4],"image":[5,15,31],"classification":[6,32,75,95,150],"is":[7,89,146],"one":[8],"of":[9,13,52,63,96,124,139,157],"the":[10,45,53,64,69,74,92,102,111,121,136,149,158],"basic":[11],"methods":[12],"PolSAR":[14,30,97,166],"interpretation.":[16],"Deep":[17],"learning":[18,38],"algorithms,":[19],"especially":[20],"convolutional":[21],"neural":[22],"networks":[23],"(CNNs),":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"widely":[27],"used":[28],"in":[29,44,110],"due":[33],"to":[34,67,118,148,152],"their":[35],"powerful":[36],"feature":[37],"capabilities.":[39],"However,":[40],"a":[41,84],"single":[42,65],"neuron":[43,66],"CNN":[46],"cannot":[47],"represent":[48],"multiple":[49],"polarimetric":[50,70,131],"attributes":[51,117],"land":[54,93,126],"cover.":[55],"The":[56],"capsule":[57,86],"network":[58,87,108],"(CapsNet)":[59],"uses":[60],"vectors":[61],"instead":[62],"characterize":[68],"attributes,":[71],"which":[72,99,134,172],"improves":[73,135],"performance":[76,138],"compared":[77],"with":[78],"traditional":[79],"CNNs.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"hierarchical":[85],"(HCapsNet)":[88],"proposed":[90,176],"for":[91],"cover":[94],"images,":[98],"can":[100],"consider":[101],"deep":[103],"features":[104],"obtained":[105],"at":[106],"different":[107,125,170],"levels":[109],"classification.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"we":[114],"adopt":[115],"three":[116,165],"uniformly":[119],"describe":[120],"scattering":[122],"mechanisms":[123],"covers:":[127],"phase,":[128],"amplitude,":[129],"and":[130],"decomposition":[132],"parameters,":[133],"generalization":[137],"HCapsNet.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"conditional":[142],"random":[143],"field":[144],"(CRF)":[145],"added":[147],"framework":[151],"eliminate":[153],"small":[154],"isolated":[155],"regions":[156],"intra-class.":[159],"Comprehensive":[160],"evaluations":[161],"are":[162],"performed":[163],"on":[164],"datasets":[167],"acquired":[168],"by":[169],"sensors,":[171],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174],"our":[175],"method":[177],"outperforms":[178],"other":[179],"state-of-the-art":[180],"methods.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}