{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188979160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163131","title":"Variational Generative Adversarial Network with Crossed Spatial and Spectral Interactions for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"Variational Generative Adversarial Network with Crossed Spatial and Spectral Interactions for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188979160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163131","mag":"3188979160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3131/pdf?version=1628654244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3131/pdf?version=1628654244","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726881","display_name":"Zhongwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-9053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101858575","display_name":"Xue Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1714-4161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008291362","display_name":"Ziqi Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-5481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041522379","display_name":"Fangming Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-9398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangming Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054667466","display_name":"Xingshuai Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingshuai Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031199063","display_name":"Leiquan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-0030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leiquan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031199063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8845,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77349641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3131","last_page":"3131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7377091646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7225294709205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.690498948097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6642745137214661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6487308740615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6137521266937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5645601749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5421728491783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.537428081035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4108913242816925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20325836539268494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7377091646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7225294709205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.690498948097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6642745137214661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6487308740615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6137521266937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5645601749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5421728491783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.537428081035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4108913242816925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20325836539268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3131/pdf?version=1628654244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba3c6c5d4c974b06b7f6542f499ab43c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba3c6c5d4c974b06b7f6542f499ab43c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3131 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3131/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3131/pdf?version=1628654244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3234811838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1906217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167091242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5727579702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071491","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6203543209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6207149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6751015343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19CX05003A-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188979160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188979160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W2009286595","https://openalex.org/W2018825256","https://openalex.org/W2081809992","https://openalex.org/W2121338139","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2167594433","https://openalex.org/W2241001100","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2434741482","https://openalex.org/W2466704481","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2617148633","https://openalex.org/W2761781479","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2777427437","https://openalex.org/W2791006446","https://openalex.org/W2792059834","https://openalex.org/W2793941577","https://openalex.org/W2800371750","https://openalex.org/W2900507847","https://openalex.org/W2901430041","https://openalex.org/W2911419410","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2921445432","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963373786","https://openalex.org/W2963426391","https://openalex.org/W2985526435","https://openalex.org/W2989871747","https://openalex.org/W3002674187","https://openalex.org/W3006462480","https://openalex.org/W3013515824","https://openalex.org/W3015746332","https://openalex.org/W3036016333","https://openalex.org/W3112285052","https://openalex.org/W3116856723","https://openalex.org/W3121566766","https://openalex.org/W3142102071","https://openalex.org/W3147363216","https://openalex.org/W6652555363","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6750035952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995777218","https://openalex.org/W3110074278","https://openalex.org/W2953246223","https://openalex.org/W4293320219","https://openalex.org/W4283584549","https://openalex.org/W2618858825","https://openalex.org/W2554314924","https://openalex.org/W2998859928","https://openalex.org/W3151498616","https://openalex.org/W4381885966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variational":[0],"Autoencoders":[1],"(VAEs)":[2],"and":[3,29,66,81,99,118,144,147],"Generative":[4],"Adversarial":[5],"Networks":[6],"(GANs)":[7],"have":[8],"been":[9],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,87,150],"hyperspectral":[13],"image":[14],"classification":[15,128,139],"(HSIC)":[16],"tasks.":[17],"However,":[18],"the":[19,34,39,51,62,68,73,112,127,134,142,162],"generated":[20,115],"HSI":[21],"virtual":[22,116],"samples":[23],"by":[24,140],"VAEs":[25],"are":[26,31],"often":[27],"ambiguous,":[28],"GANs":[30],"prone":[32],"to":[33,60,96,102,110,125],"mode":[35],"collapse,":[36],"which":[37,90],"lead":[38],"poor":[40],"generalization":[41],"abilities":[42],"ultimately.":[43],"Moreover,":[44],"most":[45],"of":[46,53,114,164],"these":[47,131],"models":[48],"only":[49],"consider":[50],"extraction":[52],"spectral":[54,82,98,146],"or":[55],"spatial":[56,80,100,148],"features.":[57],"They":[58],"fail":[59],"combine":[61],"two":[63],"branches":[64],"interactively":[65],"ignore":[67],"correlation":[69],"between":[70],"them.":[71],"Consequently,":[72],"variational":[74,94],"generative":[75],"adversarial":[76],"network":[77],"with":[78,122],"crossed":[79,107,152],"interactions":[83],"(CSSVGAN)":[84],"was":[85],"proposed":[86,135],"this":[88,165],"paper,":[89],"includes":[91],"a":[92,106,119,123,151],"dual-branch":[93],"Encoder":[95],"map":[97],"information":[101],"different":[103],"latent":[104],"spaces,":[105],"interactive":[108],"Generator":[109],"improve":[111],"quality":[113],"samples,":[117],"Discriminator":[120],"stuck":[121],"classifier":[124],"enhance":[126],"performance.":[129],"Combining":[130],"three":[132,159],"subnetworks,":[133],"CSSVGAN":[136],"achieves":[137],"excellent":[138],"ensuring":[141],"diversity":[143],"interacting":[145],"features":[149],"manner.":[153],"The":[154],"superior":[155],"experimental":[156],"results":[157],"on":[158],"datasets":[160],"verify":[161],"effectiveness":[163],"method.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}