{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191739609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163127","title":"Multi-Bernoulli Tracking Approach for Occupancy Monitoring of Smart Buildings Using Low-Resolution Infrared Sensor Array","display_name":"Multi-Bernoulli Tracking Approach for Occupancy Monitoring of Smart Buildings Using Low-Resolution Infrared Sensor Array","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191739609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163127","mag":"3191739609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163127","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3127/pdf?version=1628512645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3127/pdf?version=1628512645","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072517039","display_name":"Ramtin Rabiee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-7778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ramtin Rabiee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103398117","display_name":"Johannes Karlsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Karlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072517039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5371,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8500817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3127","last_page":"3127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8108622431755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6773097515106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6072826981544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5942668318748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.5878114104270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.43418413400650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.4222673177719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-center","display_name":"Fusion center","score":0.41041380167007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.27758026123046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.24260705709457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19391736388206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.17885151505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15266332030296326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8108622431755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6773097515106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6072826981544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5942668318748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.5878114104270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43418413400650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.4222673177719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781234732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943505","display_name":"Fusion center","level":4,"score":0.41041380167007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.27758026123046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.24260705709457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19391736388206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.17885151505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15266332030296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163127","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3127/pdf?version=1628512645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:umu-186515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400361","display_name":"DiVA at Ume\u00e5 University (Ume\u00e5 University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","host_organization_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:884f385ab9c2400b85c0e2c5148cf899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/884f385ab9c2400b85c0e2c5148cf899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3127 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3127/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 16; Pages: 3127","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163127","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3127/pdf?version=1628512645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G104945571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-02798","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191739609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191739609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34992941","https://openalex.org/W98545936","https://openalex.org/W1492719521","https://openalex.org/W1909771825","https://openalex.org/W1976703328","https://openalex.org/W2049244691","https://openalex.org/W2053221404","https://openalex.org/W2069962612","https://openalex.org/W2099740844","https://openalex.org/W2154353836","https://openalex.org/W2180097222","https://openalex.org/W2204230881","https://openalex.org/W2515453889","https://openalex.org/W2546472991","https://openalex.org/W2765493912","https://openalex.org/W2786399107","https://openalex.org/W2795362263","https://openalex.org/W2887263092","https://openalex.org/W2887531392","https://openalex.org/W2890289044","https://openalex.org/W2901723497","https://openalex.org/W2963272312","https://openalex.org/W2975726176","https://openalex.org/W3000827343","https://openalex.org/W3104382201","https://openalex.org/W3121154744","https://openalex.org/W3162363345","https://openalex.org/W4244635056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082507779","https://openalex.org/W2536494564","https://openalex.org/W1977342959","https://openalex.org/W2565425112","https://openalex.org/W2545116705","https://openalex.org/W2148549110","https://openalex.org/W28080522","https://openalex.org/W2525537297","https://openalex.org/W2026087469","https://openalex.org/W145760256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"about":[1],"the":[2,8,20,47,73,87,108,125,130,139,161,180,184,188,211],"indoor":[3],"occupancy":[4,48],"is":[5,27,76,117],"one":[6,144],"of":[7,11,22,46,104,127,132,198,210],"important":[9],"sources":[10],"information":[12],"to":[13,67,78,97,119,123],"design":[14],"smart":[15],"buildings.":[16],"In":[17,51],"some":[18],"applications,":[19],"number":[21,126],"occupants":[23],"in":[24,44,101,134,153,165,169,194],"each":[25],"zone":[26],"required.":[28],"However,":[29],"there":[30,173],"are":[31,95,214],"many":[32],"challenges":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"user":[36],"privacy,":[37],"communication":[38],"limit,":[39],"and":[40,121,183,203,208,224],"sensor\u2019s":[41,102],"computational":[42,181],"capability":[43],"development":[45],"monitoring":[49],"systems.":[50],"this":[52],"work,":[53],"a":[54,112,148,151,170,176,195],"people":[55,128,155],"flow":[56,156],"counting":[57,157],"algorithm":[58],"has":[59],"been":[60],"developed":[61,189],"which":[62],"uses":[63],"low-resolution":[64],"thermal":[65],"images":[66],"avoid":[68],"any":[69],"privacy":[70],"concern.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"proposed":[74,212],"scheme":[75],"designed":[77],"be":[79,175,192],"applicable":[80],"for":[81],"wireless":[82],"sensor":[83,140,166],"networks":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86,138],"internet-of-things":[88],"platform.":[89],"Simple":[90],"low-complexity":[91],"image":[92],"processing":[93,142,202],"techniques":[94],"considered":[96],"detect":[98],"possible":[99],"objects":[100],"field":[103],"view.":[105],"To":[106],"tackle":[107],"noisy":[109],"detection":[110],"measurements,":[111],"multi-Bernoulli":[113],"target":[114],"tracking":[115,162],"approach":[116],"used":[118],"track":[120],"finally":[122],"count":[124],"passing":[129],"area":[131],"interest":[133],"different":[135,201,221],"directions.":[136],"Based":[137],"node\u2019s":[141],"capability,":[143],"can":[145,191],"consider":[146],"either":[147,164],"centralized":[149],"or":[150,168],"full":[152],"situ":[154],"system.":[158],"By":[159],"performing":[160],"part":[163],"node":[167],"fusion":[171],"center,":[172],"would":[174],"trade":[177],"off":[178],"between":[179],"complexity":[182],"transmission":[185,204],"rate.":[186],"Therefore,":[187],"system":[190],"performed":[193],"wide":[196],"range":[197],"applications":[199],"with":[200,217],"constraints.":[205],"The":[206],"accuracy":[207],"robustness":[209],"method":[213],"also":[215],"evaluated":[216],"real":[218],"measurements":[219],"from":[220],"conducted":[222],"trials":[223],"open-source":[225],"dataset.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}