{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188567309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163113","title":"An Attention-Guided Multilayer Feature Aggregation Network for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification","display_name":"An Attention-Guided Multilayer Feature Aggregation Network for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188567309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163113","mag":"3188567309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3113/pdf?version=1628429352","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3113/pdf?version=1628429352","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347948","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-1956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027874662","display_name":"Lin Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-5528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055249422","display_name":"Yuqi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051077603","display_name":"Yuli Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-0392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuli Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082887216","display_name":"Gangyao Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-889X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangyao Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027874662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84229607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3113","last_page":"3113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8103514909744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7290558218955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6677433252334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6482095718383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6100728511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5277888178825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5163132548332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5065964460372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4491991400718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.44635048508644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4065665006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3257138729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06318333745002747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8103514909744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7290558218955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6677433252334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6482095718383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6100728511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5277888178825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5163132548332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5065964460372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4491991400718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.44635048508644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4065665006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3257138729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06318333745002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3113/pdf?version=1628429352","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef7029c752ff43a4a513bba2c031d06e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef7029c752ff43a4a513bba2c031d06e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 3113 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/16/3113/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 16; Pages: 3113","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13163113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3113/pdf?version=1628429352","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188567309.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188567309.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1824774525","https://openalex.org/W1966385142","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2029332336","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2147672495","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2253590344","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2469277230","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2620179114","https://openalex.org/W2620429297","https://openalex.org/W2715220489","https://openalex.org/W2727875856","https://openalex.org/W2735768354","https://openalex.org/W2744582969","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2782266583","https://openalex.org/W2787070260","https://openalex.org/W2799466885","https://openalex.org/W2829067510","https://openalex.org/W2883982921","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2890732922","https://openalex.org/W2901268191","https://openalex.org/W2902930830","https://openalex.org/W2911305027","https://openalex.org/W2914885528","https://openalex.org/W2919352650","https://openalex.org/W2944302759","https://openalex.org/W2948329096","https://openalex.org/W2951720561","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963090248","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2972420818","https://openalex.org/W2974373385","https://openalex.org/W2974770574","https://openalex.org/W2982220924","https://openalex.org/W2986888765","https://openalex.org/W2992382424","https://openalex.org/W2992463140","https://openalex.org/W2998002262","https://openalex.org/W3004916592","https://openalex.org/W3010622813","https://openalex.org/W3015063979","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3047889186","https://openalex.org/W3086451439","https://openalex.org/W3098643429","https://openalex.org/W3101627915","https://openalex.org/W3102039465","https://openalex.org/W3103410140","https://openalex.org/W3103856189","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W3111811104","https://openalex.org/W3116626500","https://openalex.org/W3125493368","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W6638644397","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W4388405611","https://openalex.org/W2619127353","https://openalex.org/W2129933262","https://openalex.org/W2963346891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1,65,171],"image":[2],"scene":[3,34,95,162,172],"classification":[4,96,180],"(RSISC)":[5],"has":[6],"broad":[7],"application":[8],"prospects,":[9],"but":[10],"related":[11],"challenges":[12,26],"still":[13],"exist":[14],"and":[15,187],"urgently":[16],"need":[17],"to":[18,29,48,92,106,124,132,148,159,184],"be":[19,58],"addressed.":[20],"One":[21],"of":[22,63,135],"the":[23,61,94,108,115,133,136,142,150,185],"most":[24],"important":[25],"is":[27],"how":[28],"learn":[30],"a":[31],"strong":[32],"discriminative":[33],"representation.":[35],"Recently,":[36],"convolutional":[37,121,155],"neural":[38],"networks":[39],"(CNNs)":[40],"have":[41],"shown":[42],"great":[43],"potential":[44],"in":[45,182],"RSISC":[46],"due":[47],"their":[49,55],"powerful":[50],"feature":[51,86,122],"learning":[52],"ability;":[53],"however,":[54],"performance":[56,97,181],"may":[57],"restricted":[59],"by":[60,98],"complexity":[62],"remote":[64,170],"images,":[66],"such":[67],"as":[68,146,158],"spatial":[69],"layout,":[70],"varying":[71],"scales,":[72],"complex":[73],"backgrounds,":[74],"category":[75],"diversity,":[76],"etc.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,113,140],"propose":[82],"an":[83],"attention-guided":[84],"multilayer":[85,154],"aggregation":[87],"network":[88],"(AGMFA-Net)":[89],"that":[90,130,175],"attempts":[91],"improve":[93],"effectively":[99],"aggregating":[100],"features":[101,163],"from":[102,153],"different":[103,111],"layers.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"reduce":[107],"discrepancies":[109],"between":[110],"layers,":[112],"employed":[114],"channel\u2013spatial":[116],"attention":[117],"on":[118,168],"multiple":[119],"high-level":[120],"maps":[123],"capture":[125],"more":[126],"accurately":[127],"semantic":[128,144],"regions":[129,145],"correspond":[131],"content":[134],"given":[137],"scene.":[138],"Then,":[139],"utilized":[141],"learned":[143],"guidance":[147],"aggregate":[149],"valuable":[151],"information":[152],"features,":[156],"so":[157],"achieve":[160],"stronger":[161],"for":[164],"classification.":[165],"Experimental":[166],"results":[167],"three":[169],"datasets":[173],"indicated":[174],"our":[176],"approach":[177],"achieved":[178],"competitive":[179],"comparison":[183],"baselines":[186],"other":[188],"state-of-the-art":[189],"methods.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-08-16T00:00:00"}