{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190825073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13153038","title":"A Waveform-Encoded SAR Implementation Using a Limited Number of Cyclically Shifted Chirps","display_name":"A Waveform-Encoded SAR Implementation Using a Limited Number of Cyclically Shifted Chirps","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190825073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13153038","mag":"3190825073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13153038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13153038","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/3038/pdf?version=1627916122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/3038/pdf?version=1627916122","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032785896","display_name":"Se\u2010Yeon Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-6187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Se-Yeon Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019494384","display_name":"Fabian Glatz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Glatz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus Defence and Space, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence and Space, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035922282","display_name":"Michelangelo Villano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michelangelo Villano","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035922282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1839,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1983},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3036408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"15","first_page":"3038","last_page":"3038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8695157766342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7354249954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7137832045555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.710268497467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5520449876785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.5049579739570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.4953257143497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.49271801114082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4633494019508362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3118933439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2540745735168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23106718063354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2005685567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18603959679603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16137495636940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.14528179168701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14248397946357727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8695157766342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7354249954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7137832045555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.710268497467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5520449876785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.5049579739570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.4953257143497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.49271801114082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.4633494019508362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3118933439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2540745735168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23106718063354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2005685567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18603959679603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16137495636940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.14528179168701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14248397946357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13153038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13153038","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/3038/pdf?version=1627916122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:143402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13153038>.","pdf_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/143402/1/remotesensing-13-03038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c83178e790743919a28132dba8adb47","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c83178e790743919a28132dba8adb47","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 15, p 3038 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/15/3038/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13153038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13153038","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/3038/pdf?version=1627916122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190825073.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190825073.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484040084","https://openalex.org/W1523290102","https://openalex.org/W1574067024","https://openalex.org/W1975923846","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2163532285","https://openalex.org/W2164690373","https://openalex.org/W2169788685","https://openalex.org/W2287441781","https://openalex.org/W2789364763","https://openalex.org/W2792040240","https://openalex.org/W2902526184","https://openalex.org/W3083103575","https://openalex.org/W3110948372","https://openalex.org/W3157639107","https://openalex.org/W3183581259","https://openalex.org/W6606997716","https://openalex.org/W6682165641","https://openalex.org/W6771015446","https://openalex.org/W7062030810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1936443018","https://openalex.org/W3114051225","https://openalex.org/W2495312616","https://openalex.org/W2053295005","https://openalex.org/W2043483232","https://openalex.org/W2052056785","https://openalex.org/W3107043386","https://openalex.org/W2989793328","https://openalex.org/W3013965187","https://openalex.org/W3187420866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"aperture":[1],"radar":[2],"(SAR)":[3],"provides":[4],"high-resolution":[5],"images":[6],"of":[7,12,28,54,72,110,120,143,161,184],"the":[8,25,33,38,46,52,58,64,73,89,117,121,130,162,182,189,202,207],"Earth\u2019s":[9],"surface":[10],"irrespective":[11],"sunlight":[13],"and":[14,76,86,173,187,205],"weather":[15],"conditions.":[16],"In":[17,92],"conventional":[18],"spaceborne":[19],"SAR,":[20],"nadir":[21,55,83,157,176],"echoes":[22,56],"caused":[23],"by":[24],"pulsed":[26],"operation":[27],"SAR":[29,34,47,59,66,214],"may":[30],"significantly":[31],"affect":[32],"image":[35],"quality.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"pulse":[39],"repetition":[40],"frequency":[41],"(PRF)":[42],"is":[43,113,165],"constrained":[44],"within":[45],"system":[48,190],"design":[49],"to":[50,87,115],"avoid":[51],"appearance":[53],"in":[57,212],"image.":[60],"As":[61],"an":[62],"alternative,":[63],"waveform-encoded":[65,154],"concept":[67,208],"using":[68,169],"a":[69,101,107,126,135,140,174],"pulse-to-pulse":[70],"variation":[71,104],"transmitted":[74],"waveform":[75,103,136],"dual-focus":[77],"postprocessing":[78],"can":[79,149,192],"be":[80,150,193],"exploited":[81,152],"for":[82,133,153,210],"echo":[84,158,177],"removal":[85],"alleviate":[88],"PRF":[90],"constraints.":[91],"particular,":[93],"cyclically":[94,145],"shifted":[95,146],"chirps":[96,147],"have":[97],"been":[98],"proposed":[99,163],"as":[100],"possible":[102],"scheme.":[105],"However,":[106],"large":[108],"number":[109,142,183],"distinct":[111,144,185],"waveforms":[112,186],"required":[114],"enable":[116],"simple":[118],"implementation":[119,211],"concept.":[122],"This":[123],"work":[124],"proposes":[125],"technique":[127],"based":[128],"on":[129],"Eulerian":[131],"circuit":[132],"generating":[134],"sequence":[137],"starting":[138],"from":[139],"reduced":[141,194],"that":[148,179],"effectively":[151],"SAR.":[155],"The":[156],"suppression":[159],"performance":[160,197],"scheme":[164],"analyzed":[166],"through":[167],"simulations":[168],"real":[170],"TerraSAR-X":[171],"data":[172],"realistic":[175],"model":[178],"shows":[180],"how":[181],"therefore":[188],"complexity":[191],"without":[195],"significant":[196],"loss.":[198],"These":[199],"developments":[200],"reduce":[201],"calibration":[203],"burden":[204],"make":[206],"viable":[209],"future":[213],"systems.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}