{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184911796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152941","title":"Impact of Base-to-Height Ratio on Canopy Height Estimation Accuracy of Hemiboreal Forest Tree Species by Using Satellite and Airborne Stereo Imagery","display_name":"Impact of Base-to-Height Ratio on Canopy Height Estimation Accuracy of Hemiboreal Forest Tree Species by Using Satellite and Airborne Stereo Imagery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184911796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152941","mag":"3184911796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13152941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152941","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2941/pdf?version=1627378169","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2941/pdf?version=1627378169","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060142800","display_name":"Grigorijs Goldbergs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5092-4963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162447","display_name":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05bsp2531","country_code":"LV","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447","https://openalex.org/I70055295"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grigorijs Goldbergs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060142800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.457,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59028775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"15","first_page":"2941","last_page":"2941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.824353814125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6263433694839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.5477657914161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.5413435101509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5343726277351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5304543375968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.476870596408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4364733099937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3620832562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1861661672592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0983494222164154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.824353814125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6263433694839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.5477657914161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.5413435101509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5343726277351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5304543375968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.476870596408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4364733099937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3620832562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1861661672592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0983494222164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13152941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152941","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2941/pdf?version=1627378169","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b08c5be6cc6486ba04c4a4d11151a90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b08c5be6cc6486ba04c4a4d11151a90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 15, p 2941 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/15/2941/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 15; Pages: 2941","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13152941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152941","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2941/pdf?version=1627378169","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4167376723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1.1.1.1/18/A/165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184911796.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184911796.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127872571","https://openalex.org/W1522370673","https://openalex.org/W1902238321","https://openalex.org/W1990332391","https://openalex.org/W2004553299","https://openalex.org/W2011123956","https://openalex.org/W2019649937","https://openalex.org/W2097599521","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2120540846","https://openalex.org/W2121264346","https://openalex.org/W2122450383","https://openalex.org/W2133160971","https://openalex.org/W2140899781","https://openalex.org/W2157164514","https://openalex.org/W2175271311","https://openalex.org/W2311755464","https://openalex.org/W2488531253","https://openalex.org/W2495260571","https://openalex.org/W2507823894","https://openalex.org/W2515306179","https://openalex.org/W2600176623","https://openalex.org/W2808997086","https://openalex.org/W2898959878","https://openalex.org/W2913069650","https://openalex.org/W2944138776","https://openalex.org/W2950600620","https://openalex.org/W3043197116","https://openalex.org/W3081451649","https://openalex.org/W4211056572","https://openalex.org/W6605148361","https://openalex.org/W6755694485","https://openalex.org/W6761865069","https://openalex.org/W6782235260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045211767","https://openalex.org/W2056219210","https://openalex.org/W2383716249","https://openalex.org/W23916517","https://openalex.org/W4386506415","https://openalex.org/W2497950047","https://openalex.org/W1998329507","https://openalex.org/W2053112303","https://openalex.org/W3004500891","https://openalex.org/W3208027284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,50,63,109],"present":[1],"study":[2,51,154],"assessed":[3],"the":[4,33,53,67,136],"large-format":[5],"airborne":[6],"(UltraCam)":[7],"and":[8,11,101,126,148],"satellite":[9],"(GeoEye1":[10],"Pleiades1B)":[12],"image-based":[13,38,151,174],"digital":[14],"surface":[15],"model":[16],"(DSM)":[17],"performance":[18],"for":[19,55,59,76,124,143,173],"canopy":[20,42,56,68,110,144],"height":[21,57,69,145],"estimation":[22,70,146],"in":[23,176],"predominantly":[24],"mature,":[25],"closed-canopy":[26,177],"Latvian":[27],"hemiboreal":[28,178],"forestland.":[29],"research":[31,131],"performed":[32],"direct":[34],"comparison":[35],"of":[36,66,164],"calculated":[37],"DSM":[39],"models":[40,72],"with":[41,159],"peaks":[43],"heights":[44],"extracted":[45],"from":[46,119],"reference":[47],"LiDAR":[48],"data.":[49],"confirmed":[52],"tendency":[54],"underestimation":[58],"all":[60],"satellite-based":[61],"models.":[62],"obtained":[64],"accuracy":[65],"GeoEye1-based":[71],"varied":[73,118],"as":[74],"follows:":[75],"a":[77,160],"pine":[78],"(\u22121.49":[79],"median":[80,85],"error,":[81],"1.52":[82,106],"m":[83,93,99,107],"normalised":[84],"absolute":[86],"deviation":[87],"(NMAD)),":[88],"spruce":[89,125],"(\u22120.94":[90],"median,":[91,97,105],"1.97":[92],"NMAD),":[94,100],"birch":[95],"(\u22120.26":[96],"1.96":[98],"black":[102],"alder":[103],"(\u22120.31":[104],"NMAD).":[108],"detection":[111],"rates":[112],"(completeness)":[113],"using":[114,150],"GeoEye1":[115],"stereo":[116,157],"imagery":[117,158],"98%":[120],"(pine)":[121],"to":[122],">99%":[123],"deciduous":[127],"tree":[128],"species.":[129],"This":[130,153],"has":[132],"shown":[133],"that":[134,156],"determining":[135],"optimum":[137],"base-to-height":[138],"(B/H)":[139],"ratio":[140,162],"is":[141,171],"critical":[142],"efficiency":[147],"completeness":[149],"DSMs.":[152],"found":[155],"B/H":[161],"range":[163,169],"0.2\u20130.3":[165],"(or":[166],"convergence":[167],"angle":[168],"10\u201315\u00b0)":[170],"optimal":[172],"DSMs":[175],"forest":[179],"areas.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}