{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184071742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152891","title":"Supercooled Liquid Water Detection Capabilities from Ka-Band Doppler Profiling Radars: Moment-Based Algorithm Formulation and Assessment","display_name":"Supercooled Liquid Water Detection Capabilities from Ka-Band Doppler Profiling Radars: Moment-Based Algorithm Formulation and Assessment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184071742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152891","mag":"3184071742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13152891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2891/pdf?version=1627378970","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2891/pdf?version=1627378970","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054241020","display_name":"Petros Kalogeras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-1267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128104","display_name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/0375jbm11","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Petros Kalogeras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","National Centre for Earth Observation, Leicester LE4 5SP, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Earth Observation, Leicester LE4 5SP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053671859","display_name":"Alessandro Battaglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128104","display_name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/0375jbm11","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Battaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy","Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","National Centre for Earth Observation, Leicester LE4 5SP, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Earth Observation, Leicester LE4 5SP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045860366","display_name":"Pavlos Kollias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-7869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavlos Kollias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA","Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054241020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76712655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"15","first_page":"2891","last_page":"2891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6561689376831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disdrometer","display_name":"Disdrometer","score":0.48822692036628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-sounding","display_name":"Depth sounding","score":0.47360968589782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45958250761032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-cloud","display_name":"Ice cloud","score":0.41636577248573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water-content","display_name":"Liquid water content","score":0.41163554787635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40944746136665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36897996068000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.36861854791641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.35785195231437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3555397391319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2737008333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.18763673305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12976455688476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.12467625737190247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6561689376831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116810829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230193","display_name":"Disdrometer","level":4,"score":0.48822692036628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.47360968589782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45958250761032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776120014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12119193","display_name":"Ice cloud","level":3,"score":0.41636577248573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995540","display_name":"Liquid water content","level":3,"score":0.41163554787635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40944746136665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36897996068000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.36861854791641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35785195231437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3555397391319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2737008333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.18763673305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12976455688476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.12467625737190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13152891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2891/pdf?version=1627378970","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:885d400b11a54dfeba6de2a25b146cdb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/885d400b11a54dfeba6de2a25b146cdb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 15, p 2891 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/15/2891/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1811456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1811456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1813309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1813309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13152891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/15/2891/pdf?version=1627378970","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5452197466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6861335241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184071742.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184071742.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23839035","https://openalex.org/W583323484","https://openalex.org/W1528498182","https://openalex.org/W1613751551","https://openalex.org/W1630145895","https://openalex.org/W1974930472","https://openalex.org/W1975212645","https://openalex.org/W1980635879","https://openalex.org/W1988322830","https://openalex.org/W1995980523","https://openalex.org/W2001418107","https://openalex.org/W2010778555","https://openalex.org/W2017807850","https://openalex.org/W2024418964","https://openalex.org/W2037864830","https://openalex.org/W2043496753","https://openalex.org/W2044386051","https://openalex.org/W2051553110","https://openalex.org/W2059001516","https://openalex.org/W2061199171","https://openalex.org/W2087379029","https://openalex.org/W2092752346","https://openalex.org/W2093320107","https://openalex.org/W2095702361","https://openalex.org/W2102808506","https://openalex.org/W2112582953","https://openalex.org/W2118908291","https://openalex.org/W2120631399","https://openalex.org/W2125302081","https://openalex.org/W2126189145","https://openalex.org/W2135985073","https://openalex.org/W2141748334","https://openalex.org/W2164638637","https://openalex.org/W2166701415","https://openalex.org/W2173899751","https://openalex.org/W2174393047","https://openalex.org/W2174767145","https://openalex.org/W2175438141","https://openalex.org/W2178133258","https://openalex.org/W2460809943","https://openalex.org/W2462452433","https://openalex.org/W2511008135","https://openalex.org/W2513022176","https://openalex.org/W2514381825","https://openalex.org/W2753658759","https://openalex.org/W2792614611","https://openalex.org/W2950570551","https://openalex.org/W2998381107","https://openalex.org/W3136307833","https://openalex.org/W4235370549","https://openalex.org/W4244414215","https://openalex.org/W6604822860","https://openalex.org/W6643750796","https://openalex.org/W6644240264","https://openalex.org/W6666021883","https://openalex.org/W6743481410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W252651975","https://openalex.org/W1961093095","https://openalex.org/W1555859048","https://openalex.org/W2050586502","https://openalex.org/W2000140791","https://openalex.org/W2125338604","https://openalex.org/W4220794278","https://openalex.org/W2047106117","https://openalex.org/W3143987733","https://openalex.org/W2118423529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,40,64,112,225],"occurrence":[1],"of":[2,19,55,92,95,110,137,142,152,171,200,214,245,249],"supercooled":[3,56,187,251],"liquid":[4,57,188],"water":[5,58,189],"in":[6,21,60,211],"mixed-phase":[7],"cloud":[8,12,226,237],"(MPC)":[9],"affects":[10],"their":[11],"microphysical":[13],"and":[14,24,37,44,80,145,168,174,203],"radiative":[15,35],"properties.":[16],"prevalence":[18],"MPCs":[20],"the":[22,53,69,74,101,107,124,127,134,150,185,196,212,247],"mid-":[23],"high":[25,76],"latitudes":[26],"translates":[27],"these":[28],"effects":[29],"to":[30,33,236],"significant":[31],"contributions":[32],"Earth\u2019s":[34],"balance":[36],"hydrological":[38],"cycle.":[39],"current":[41],"study":[42,65],"develops":[43],"assesses":[45],"a":[46,89,118],"radar-only,":[47],"moment-based":[48],"phase":[49,114,227],"partition":[50,115],"technique":[51,229],"for":[52,178,195],"demarcation":[54],"volumes":[59],"arctic,":[61],"MPC":[62],"conditions.":[63],"utilizes":[66],"observations":[67],"from":[68,84,100],"Ka":[70],"band":[71],"profiling":[72],"radar,":[73],"collocated":[75],"spectral":[77,166,201],"resolution":[78],"lidar,":[79],"ambient":[81],"temperature":[82],"profiles":[83],"radio":[85],"sounding":[86],"deployments":[87],"following":[88],"statistical":[90],"analysis":[91],"5.5":[93],"years":[94],"data":[96],"(January":[97],"2014\u2013May":[98],"2019)":[99],"Atmospheric":[102],"Radiation":[103],"Measurement":[104],"observatory":[105],"at":[106],"North":[108],"Slope":[109],"Alaska.":[111],"ice/liquid":[113],"occurs":[116],"via":[117],"per-pixel,":[119],"neighborhood-dependent":[120],"algorithm":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"premise":[125],"that":[126,184,208],"partitioning":[128],"can":[129],"be":[130],"deduced":[131],"by":[132],"examining":[133],"mean":[135],"values":[136],"locally":[138],"sampled":[139],"probability":[140,156],"distributions":[141],"radar-based":[143,209],"observables":[144,160],"then":[146],"compare":[147],"those":[148],"against":[149],"means":[151],"climatologically":[153],"derived,":[154],"per-phase":[155],"distributions.":[157],"Analyzed":[158],"radar":[159,197],"include":[161],"linear":[162],"depolarization":[163],"ratio":[164],"(LDR),":[165],"width,":[167],"vertical":[169,179,205],"gradients":[170],"reflectivity":[172,204],"factor":[173],"radial":[175],"velocity":[176],"corrected":[177],"air":[180],"motion.":[181],"Results":[182],"highlight":[183],"optimal":[186],"detection":[190,248],"skill":[191],"levels":[192],"are":[193],"realized":[194],"variable":[198],"combination":[199],"width":[202],"gradient,":[206],"suggesting":[207],"polarimetry,":[210],"absence":[213],"full":[215],"LDR":[216],"spectra,":[217],"is":[218,230],"not":[219],"as":[220,222],"critical":[221],"Doppler":[223],"capabilities.":[224],"masking":[228],"proven":[231],"particularly":[232],"reliable":[233],"when":[234],"applied":[235],"tops":[238],"with":[239],"an":[240],"Equitable":[241],"Threat":[242],"Score":[243],"(ETS)":[244],"65%;":[246],"embedded":[250],"layers":[252],"remains":[253],"much":[254],"more":[255],"uncertain":[256],"(ETS":[257],"=":[258],"27%).":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
