{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183596636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142845","title":"Shallow Shear-Wave Velocity Structure beneath the West Lake Area in Hangzhou, China, from Ambient-Noise Tomography","display_name":"Shallow Shear-Wave Velocity Structure beneath the West Lake Area in Hangzhou, China, from Ambient-Noise Tomography","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183596636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142845","mag":"3183596636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2845/pdf?version=1626776995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2845/pdf?version=1626776995","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080681176","display_name":"Zhongen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051572155","display_name":"Xuewei Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-405X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuewei Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-405X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110615702","display_name":"Wencai Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wencai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051572155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.5591,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62562574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"2845","last_page":"2845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.8883811831474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.7573738098144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-noise","display_name":"Seismic noise","score":0.6875689029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcano","display_name":"Volcano","score":0.6057090759277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-tomography","display_name":"Seismic tomography","score":0.6044926047325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-noise-level","display_name":"Ambient noise level","score":0.5194699168205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhyolite","display_name":"Rhyolite","score":0.478874146938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4722672700881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismometer","display_name":"Seismometer","score":0.45942050218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-wave","display_name":"Rayleigh wave","score":0.4139222204685211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.291437566280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.2888248562812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcanic-rock","display_name":"Volcanic rock","score":0.2709309458732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.2691948115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.132289320230484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mantle","display_name":"Mantle (geology)","score":0.12831827998161316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.8883811831474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.7573738098144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30947920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133491","display_name":"Seismic noise","level":2,"score":0.6875689029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120806208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072","display_name":"Volcano","level":2,"score":0.6057090759277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122959257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1850768","display_name":"Seismic tomography","level":3,"score":0.6044926047325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205312793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002801","display_name":"Ambient noise level","level":3,"score":0.5194699168205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25822816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190727","display_name":"Rhyolite","level":4,"score":0.478874146938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4722672700881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119217923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160567","display_name":"Seismometer","level":2,"score":0.45942050218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51473458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351144","display_name":"Rayleigh wave","level":3,"score":0.4139222204685211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.291437566280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.2888248562812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192241223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108689","display_name":"Volcanic rock","level":3,"score":0.2709309458732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.2691948115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.132289320230484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67236022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4364434","display_name":"Mantle (geology)","level":2,"score":0.12831827998161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2845/pdf?version=1626776995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5200a18de3674985b0d8f0837dbfdc7f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5200a18de3674985b0d8f0837dbfdc7f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 14, p 2845 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/14/2845/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 14; Pages: 2845","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2845/pdf?version=1626776995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G484606918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41574111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8021542417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41774045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183596636.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183596636.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170642317","https://openalex.org/W1514036343","https://openalex.org/W1583639331","https://openalex.org/W1824014603","https://openalex.org/W1899228812","https://openalex.org/W1975918664","https://openalex.org/W1980252116","https://openalex.org/W1981770481","https://openalex.org/W1999244633","https://openalex.org/W2005926772","https://openalex.org/W2010699745","https://openalex.org/W2011912193","https://openalex.org/W2056512377","https://openalex.org/W2057516589","https://openalex.org/W2065126285","https://openalex.org/W2066285517","https://openalex.org/W2095830854","https://openalex.org/W2097873952","https://openalex.org/W2127995641","https://openalex.org/W2129155621","https://openalex.org/W2134437781","https://openalex.org/W2135545468","https://openalex.org/W2139713088","https://openalex.org/W2149022715","https://openalex.org/W2160567428","https://openalex.org/W2164042589","https://openalex.org/W2271861333","https://openalex.org/W2402808916","https://openalex.org/W2466424873","https://openalex.org/W2588670979","https://openalex.org/W2892702011","https://openalex.org/W2912548023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483811098","https://openalex.org/W3169568474","https://openalex.org/W3093520324","https://openalex.org/W3212975975","https://openalex.org/W3160247602","https://openalex.org/W3043114636","https://openalex.org/W2515866520","https://openalex.org/W2038445562","https://openalex.org/W2739516135","https://openalex.org/W63058880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"geophysical":[1],"exploration":[2,250],"plays":[3],"an":[4,127,194],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,18,31,146,152,180],"the":[8,13,49,56,61,71,85,121,147,153,160,167,173,181,186,191,200,204,208,214,220,227,249],"sustainable":[9],"development":[10],"of":[11,15,60,63,97,120,129,162,193,251],"and":[12,103,112,149,164,177,223,238],"mitigation":[14],"geological":[16,236],"hazards":[17],"metropolitan":[19],"areas.":[20,35],"However,":[21],"it":[22],"is":[23,43,170],"not":[24],"suitable":[25],"to":[26,69,159,172,190,219],"implement":[27],"active":[28],"seismic":[29,51,82],"methods":[30],"densely":[32],"populated":[33],"urban":[34,252],"The":[36,136,155,183],"rapidly":[37],"developing":[38],"ambient-noise":[39,86],"tomography":[40],"(ANT)":[41],"method":[42],"a":[44,66,94,116,244],"promising":[45,245],"technique":[46,246],"for":[47,115,247],"imaging":[48],"near-surface":[50],"velocity":[52,75],"structure.":[53],"We":[54,80],"selected":[55],"West":[57],"Lake":[58],"area":[59,128],"city":[62],"Hangzhou":[64],"as":[65],"case":[67],"study":[68],"probe":[70],"shallow":[72],"subsurface":[73],"shear-wave":[74],"(Vs)":[76],"structure":[77],"using":[78],"ANT.":[79],"conducted":[81],"interferometry":[83],"on":[84],"data":[87,106],"recorded":[88],"by":[89],"28":[90],"seismograph":[91],"stations":[92],"during":[93],"time":[95],"period":[96],"17":[98],"days.":[99],"Fundamental-mode":[100],"Rayleigh-wave":[101],"group-":[102],"phase-velocity":[104],"dispersion":[105],"were":[107],"measured":[108],"from":[109],"cross-correlation":[110],"functions":[111],"then":[113],"inverted":[114],"3D":[117],"Vs":[118],"model":[119],"uppermost":[122],"1":[123],"km":[124,132],"that":[125,199,240],"covers":[126],"about":[130],"7":[131],"\u00d7":[133],"8":[134],"km.":[135],"tomographic":[137],"results":[138,231],"reveal":[139],"two":[140,187],"prominent":[141],"anomalies,":[142],"with":[143,234],"high":[144],"velocities":[145,151],"southwest":[148],"low":[150],"northeast.":[154],"fast":[156],"anomaly":[157,169],"corresponds":[158],"presence":[161],"limestone":[163],"sandstone,":[165],"whereas":[166],"slow":[168],"due":[171,218],"relatively":[174],"low-velocity":[175,210],"rhyolite":[176,222],"volcanic":[178,224],"tuff":[179,225],"area.":[182],"boundary":[184],"between":[185],"anomalies":[188,211],"lies":[189],"NE":[192],"NW\u2013SE":[195],"trending":[196],"fault,":[197],"indicating":[198],"fault":[201],"dips":[202],"toward":[203],"NE.":[205],"In":[206],"addition,":[207],"pronounced":[209],"appear":[212],"under":[213],"Baoshi":[215],"mountain,":[216],"likely":[217],"thick":[221],"beneath":[226],"extinct":[228],"volcano.":[229],"Our":[230],"correlate":[232],"well":[233],"regional":[235],"features":[237],"suggest":[239],"ANT":[241],"could":[242],"be":[243],"facilitating":[248],"underground":[253],"space.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
