{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184969998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142753","title":"Parameterization of the Individual Tree Detection Method Using Large Dataset from Ground Sample Plots and Airborne Laser Scanning for Stands Inventory in Coniferous Forest","display_name":"Parameterization of the Individual Tree Detection Method Using Large Dataset from Ground Sample Plots and Airborne Laser Scanning for Stands Inventory in Coniferous Forest","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184969998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142753","mag":"3184969998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2753/pdf?version=1626238172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2753/pdf?version=1626238172","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027370090","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Kolendo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-0608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323121030","display_name":"Bialystok University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfsy61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115834","display_name":"Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/01gxb7577","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Kolendo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland","Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015945155","display_name":"Marcin Ko\u017aniewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-0679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323121030","display_name":"Bialystok University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfsy61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Kozniewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051521525","display_name":"Marek Ksepko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-2209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115834","display_name":"Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/01gxb7577","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Ksepko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042526738","display_name":"Szymon Chmur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-8896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115834","display_name":"Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/01gxb7577","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szymon Chmur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070881344","display_name":"Bo\u017cydar Neroj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115834","display_name":"Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/01gxb7577","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo\u017cydar Neroj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau, Sekocin Stary, ul. Lesnikow 21, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015945155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323121030"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0735,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73226362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"2753","last_page":"2753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6027603149414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5473816394805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.516484260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.514763593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.4766036868095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.47578227519989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.46074026823043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.4223117530345917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4134283661842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3418691158294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.2917921543121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2729664444923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24977505207061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24015676975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.23302561044692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11491802334785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.09028294682502747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6027603149414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5473816394805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.516484260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.514763593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.4766036868095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.47578227519989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.46074026823043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.4223117530345917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4134283661842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3418691158294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.2917921543121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2729664444923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24977505207061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24015676975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.23302561044692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11491802334785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.09028294682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2753/pdf?version=1626238172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ccaee3fd9f2d4c52b0d40ee87e71cce0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ccaee3fd9f2d4c52b0d40ee87e71cce0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 14, p 2753 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/14/2753/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 14; Pages: 2753","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2753/pdf?version=1626238172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184969998.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184969998.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W990458518","https://openalex.org/W1436861582","https://openalex.org/W1479922679","https://openalex.org/W1492020934","https://openalex.org/W1760422680","https://openalex.org/W1983818779","https://openalex.org/W1990763871","https://openalex.org/W1991576283","https://openalex.org/W2014656852","https://openalex.org/W2028400108","https://openalex.org/W2032413422","https://openalex.org/W2063396028","https://openalex.org/W2065030504","https://openalex.org/W2065258204","https://openalex.org/W2065401301","https://openalex.org/W2090573087","https://openalex.org/W2100585746","https://openalex.org/W2105048158","https://openalex.org/W2105415451","https://openalex.org/W2106308307","https://openalex.org/W2112929373","https://openalex.org/W2114891033","https://openalex.org/W2121748258","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2156267792","https://openalex.org/W2161746820","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2165597803","https://openalex.org/W2310204504","https://openalex.org/W2313448762","https://openalex.org/W2315994349","https://openalex.org/W2326089480","https://openalex.org/W2331376978","https://openalex.org/W2342299051","https://openalex.org/W2364050655","https://openalex.org/W2413967323","https://openalex.org/W2425812835","https://openalex.org/W2482464033","https://openalex.org/W2566692295","https://openalex.org/W2598139012","https://openalex.org/W2602986670","https://openalex.org/W2619078875","https://openalex.org/W2621167212","https://openalex.org/W2755209119","https://openalex.org/W2765686626","https://openalex.org/W2891313231","https://openalex.org/W2903224593","https://openalex.org/W2914433259","https://openalex.org/W2987129746","https://openalex.org/W2988197424","https://openalex.org/W2996440658","https://openalex.org/W3011477772","https://openalex.org/W3028366743","https://openalex.org/W3033427926","https://openalex.org/W3044421684","https://openalex.org/W3088507381","https://openalex.org/W3096654936","https://openalex.org/W3110507216","https://openalex.org/W3120781156","https://openalex.org/W3133906798","https://openalex.org/W4211056572","https://openalex.org/W6628620646","https://openalex.org/W6629854597","https://openalex.org/W6677219846","https://openalex.org/W6701478984","https://openalex.org/W6739160543","https://openalex.org/W6769882830","https://openalex.org/W6790771876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989490741","https://openalex.org/W3092506759","https://openalex.org/W2367545121","https://openalex.org/W4248881655","https://openalex.org/W2482165163","https://openalex.org/W3010890513","https://openalex.org/W120741642","https://openalex.org/W138569904","https://openalex.org/W2390914021","https://openalex.org/W2741749319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Highly":[0],"accurate":[1],"and":[2,38,48,55,83,101,134,155],"extensive":[3,85],"datasets":[4,25],"are":[5],"needed":[6],"for":[7,35,47,58,125,174],"the":[8,27,30,59,99,113,126,149,165,169,175,179],"practical":[9],"implementation":[10,49],"of":[11,17,23,29,33,50,62,105,116,168,171,178,181],"precision":[12],"forestry":[13],"as":[14],"a":[15,45,51,56],"method":[16,57],"forest":[18],"ecosystem":[19],"management.":[20],"Proper":[21],"processing":[22],"huge":[24],"involves":[26],"necessity":[28],"appropriate":[31],"selection":[32],"methods":[34],"their":[36],"analysis":[37],"optimization.":[39],"In":[40,76],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,79,121],"propose":[44],"concept":[46],"data":[52,82,173],"preprocessing":[53],"algorithm,":[54],"empirical":[60,172],"verification":[61],"selected":[63],"individual":[64],"tree":[65,117],"detection":[66],"(ITD)":[67],"algorithms,":[68],"based":[69],"on":[70,93],"Airborne":[71],"Laser":[72],"Scanning":[73],"(ALS)":[74],"data.":[75],"our":[77,162],"study,":[78],"used":[80],"ALS":[81],"very":[84],"dendrometric":[86],"field":[87],"measurements":[88],"(including":[89],"over":[90],"21,000":[91],"trees":[92],"522":[94],"circular":[95],"sample":[96],"plots)":[97],"in":[98],"economic":[100],"protective":[102],"coniferous":[103],"stands":[104],"north-eastern":[106],"Poland.":[107],"Our":[108],"algorithm":[109],"deals":[110],"well":[111],"with":[112,138,145],"overestimation":[114],"problems":[115],"top":[118],"detection.":[119],"Furthermore,":[120],"analyzed":[122],"segmentation":[123],"parameters":[124],"two":[127],"currently":[128],"dominant":[129],"ITD":[130,182],"methods:":[131],"Watershed":[132],"(WS)":[133],"Local":[135],"Maximum":[136],"Filter":[137],"Growing":[139],"Region":[140],"(LMF+GR).":[141],"We":[142],"optimized":[143],"them":[144],"respect":[146],"to":[147],"minimizing":[148],"Root":[150],"Mean":[151,156],"Square":[152],"Error":[153,159],"(RMSE)":[154],"Absolute":[157],"Percentage":[158],"(MAPE).":[160],"Additionally,":[161],"results":[163],"show":[164],"crucial":[166],"importance":[167],"quality":[170],"correct":[176],"evaluation":[177],"accuracy":[180],"algorithms.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}
