{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178998033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142704","title":"BDS-3/Galileo Time and Frequency Transfer with Quad-Frequency Precise Point Positioning","display_name":"BDS-3/Galileo Time and Frequency Transfer with Quad-Frequency Precise Point Positioning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178998033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142704","mag":"3178998033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2704/pdf?version=1625824590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2704/pdf?version=1625824590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004315015","display_name":"Yulong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-6212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101626926","display_name":"Xinyun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-3510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034588828","display_name":"Fei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2503-4197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101752773","display_name":"Xuhai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-059X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101994048","display_name":"Shengli Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-8621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengli Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collage of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collage of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101626926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.76,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94137705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"2704","last_page":"2704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.8451041579246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-transfer","display_name":"Time transfer","score":0.6617546677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.65045166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.5774381160736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5074948668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3618035316467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.33258599042892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2141757607460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17307841777801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.123959481716156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.8451041579246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127568405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805271","display_name":"Time transfer","level":3,"score":0.6617546677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.65045166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.5774381160736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5074948668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3618035316467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.33258599042892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2141757607460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17307841777801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.123959481716156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2704/pdf?version=1625824590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f762f721bbe04f62b7dedd2d8f13b667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f762f721bbe04f62b7dedd2d8f13b667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 14, p 2704 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/14/2704/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 14; Pages: 2704","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13142704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2704/pdf?version=1625824590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3178998033.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3178998033.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W351879478","https://openalex.org/W1545923740","https://openalex.org/W2015314941","https://openalex.org/W2053895844","https://openalex.org/W2098333921","https://openalex.org/W2102505671","https://openalex.org/W2118650944","https://openalex.org/W2187850394","https://openalex.org/W2218878388","https://openalex.org/W2265774878","https://openalex.org/W2354799750","https://openalex.org/W2582763468","https://openalex.org/W2769790926","https://openalex.org/W2782631487","https://openalex.org/W2789338851","https://openalex.org/W2886131188","https://openalex.org/W2894828547","https://openalex.org/W2896290230","https://openalex.org/W2897525647","https://openalex.org/W2903636410","https://openalex.org/W2904135205","https://openalex.org/W2914876350","https://openalex.org/W2919576603","https://openalex.org/W2948408086","https://openalex.org/W2951046589","https://openalex.org/W2964957078","https://openalex.org/W2966433169","https://openalex.org/W2969764800","https://openalex.org/W2976568564","https://openalex.org/W2979607588","https://openalex.org/W3005503010","https://openalex.org/W3152625022","https://openalex.org/W3166506210","https://openalex.org/W4240109574","https://openalex.org/W6611758721","https://openalex.org/W6674717930","https://openalex.org/W6747496763","https://openalex.org/W6757402328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005482224","https://openalex.org/W3216386610","https://openalex.org/W2060273994","https://openalex.org/W2796739365","https://openalex.org/W4239395258","https://openalex.org/W3204981892","https://openalex.org/W4380563814","https://openalex.org/W944951790","https://openalex.org/W1979458460","https://openalex.org/W2080277763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,26],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"quad-frequency":[3,90,116],"precise":[4],"point":[5],"positioning":[6,73],"(PPP)":[7],"time":[8,52,100,131],"and":[9,16,33,42,61,75,105,125],"frequency":[10],"transfer":[11,132],"methods":[12],"using":[13],"Galileo":[14,34,67,93],"E1/E5a/E5b/E5":[15],"BDS-3":[17,69,91],"B1I/B3I/B1C/B2a":[18],"observations":[19],"were":[20,59,81],"proposed":[21,49,89],"with":[22],"corresponding":[23],"mathematical":[24],"models.":[25],"addition,":[27],"the":[28,48,64,88,115,123,129],"traditional":[29],"dual-frequency":[30,111,130],"(BDS-3":[31],"B1I/B3I":[32],"E1/E5a)":[35],"ionospheric-free":[36],"(IF)":[37],"model":[38],"was":[39],"also":[40],"described":[41],"tested":[43],"for":[44,51,121],"comparison.":[45],"To":[46],"assess":[47],"method":[50],"transfer,":[53,101],"datasets":[54],"selected":[55],"from":[56],"timing":[57],"labs":[58],"utilized":[60],"tested.":[62],"Moreover,":[63],"number":[65],"of":[66,110],"or":[68,92],"satellites,":[70],"pseudorange":[71],"residuals,":[72],"accuracy":[74,106],"tropospheric":[76],"delay":[77],"at":[78],"receiver":[79],"end":[80],"all":[82],"analyzed.":[83],"The":[84],"results":[85],"showed":[86],"that":[87,109],"PPP":[94],"models":[95,117],"could":[96],"be":[97],"used":[98],"to":[99,103,108,128],"due":[102],"stability":[104],"identical":[107],"IF":[112],"model.":[113],"Furthermore,":[114],"can":[118],"provide":[119],"potential":[120],"enhancing":[122],"reliability":[124],"redundancy":[126],"compared":[127],"method.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-07-19T00:00:00"}
