{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180936428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132644","title":"A Regional Model for Predicting Tropospheric Delay and Weighted Mean Temperature in China Based on GRAPES_MESO Forecasting Products","display_name":"A Regional Model for Predicting Tropospheric Delay and Weighted Mean Temperature in China Based on GRAPES_MESO Forecasting Products","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180936428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132644","mag":"3180936428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132644","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2644/pdf?version=1625555108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2644/pdf?version=1625555108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078311448","display_name":"Liying Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liying Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101660779","display_name":"Bao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-6773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680715","display_name":"Junyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-2672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072289333","display_name":"Yibin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-4601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103267338","display_name":"Lilong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000634392","display_name":"Qishun Ran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7565-3757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qishun Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000902039","display_name":"Zhaohui Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100680715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I38706770"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":11.3874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97694624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"2644","last_page":"2644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6409293413162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.6401994824409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.609305739402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6001906394958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.5733296871185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","score":0.569054126739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.545702338218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.5055215358734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.47779402136802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4683353900909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.30610352754592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2329898178577423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.22354784607887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1745927333831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15919071435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15894567966461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12128749489784241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6409293413162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.6401994824409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.609305739402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6001906394958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.5733296871185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.569054126739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.545702338218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.5055215358734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.47779402136802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4683353900909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.30610352754592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2329898178577423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.22354784607887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1745927333831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15919071435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15894567966461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12128749489784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132644","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2644/pdf?version=1625555108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c53fdeaef42429ebed5fb166fb69c25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c53fdeaef42429ebed5fb166fb69c25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 2644 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/13/2644/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 13; Pages: 2644","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132644","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2644/pdf?version=1625555108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1154411931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GXNSFBA297145, 2017GXNSFDA198016, 2017GXNSFBA198139, GuikeAD19110057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3818023104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42074035, 41874033, 41574028, 42064002, 41704027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G469918853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042020kf0009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8019619667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019T120687, 2018M630880","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180936428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180936428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519855838","https://openalex.org/W1526377902","https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1968427495","https://openalex.org/W1974252573","https://openalex.org/W1974536365","https://openalex.org/W1984123740","https://openalex.org/W1990935607","https://openalex.org/W1994554146","https://openalex.org/W1997067776","https://openalex.org/W2008397460","https://openalex.org/W2022395096","https://openalex.org/W2028556796","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2052637687","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2088723325","https://openalex.org/W2097918869","https://openalex.org/W2099473264","https://openalex.org/W2099589422","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2119486063","https://openalex.org/W2133738611","https://openalex.org/W2134691634","https://openalex.org/W2136062847","https://openalex.org/W2149237966","https://openalex.org/W2151536681","https://openalex.org/W2151975955","https://openalex.org/W2153637705","https://openalex.org/W2158675438","https://openalex.org/W2163847452","https://openalex.org/W2174616381","https://openalex.org/W2248698344","https://openalex.org/W2272404727","https://openalex.org/W2284447156","https://openalex.org/W2293419160","https://openalex.org/W2368370914","https://openalex.org/W2566470330","https://openalex.org/W2605301990","https://openalex.org/W2730087402","https://openalex.org/W2736087287","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2768791241","https://openalex.org/W2794760869","https://openalex.org/W2801790573","https://openalex.org/W2803340376","https://openalex.org/W2898682979","https://openalex.org/W2908891776","https://openalex.org/W2915945429","https://openalex.org/W2921004868","https://openalex.org/W2945265224","https://openalex.org/W2981551760","https://openalex.org/W2987408724","https://openalex.org/W2991382303","https://openalex.org/W3005417347","https://openalex.org/W3007873241","https://openalex.org/W3010715572","https://openalex.org/W3029195096","https://openalex.org/W3134030007","https://openalex.org/W4251962509","https://openalex.org/W6632175673","https://openalex.org/W7030652033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383463955","https://openalex.org/W2023025733","https://openalex.org/W2384996032","https://openalex.org/W2184710923","https://openalex.org/W3211629817","https://openalex.org/W2355132867","https://openalex.org/W621650632","https://openalex.org/W788509307","https://openalex.org/W2886196490","https://openalex.org/W2548035599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"tropospheric":[1,355],"delay":[2,356],"(TD)":[3],"and":[4,18,36,44,91,109,143,179,211,214,225,231,250,255,273,289,322,350,358,377],"weighted":[5],"mean":[6],"temperature":[7],"(Tm)":[8],"are":[9,189],"important":[10,372],"for":[11,228],"Global":[12],"Navigation":[13],"Satellite":[14],"System":[15,111],"(GNSS)":[16],"positioning":[17,376],"GNSS":[19,359,375,378],"meteorology.":[20,379],"For":[21],"this":[22,77,167],"purpose,":[23],"plenty":[24],"of":[25,34,101,105,113,123,206,220,247,259,271,286,292,305,319,347],"empirical":[26,66,328],"models":[27,40,67,329],"have":[28,243],"been":[29],"built":[30],"to":[31,81,130,157,171,234,325],"provide":[32],"estimates":[33,186],"TD":[35,43],"Tm.":[37,232,323],"However,":[38,135],"these":[39,173],"cannot":[41,68],"resolve":[42,131],"Tm":[45,92,144,251],"variations":[46,318,346],"at":[47,363],"synoptic":[48,133,364],"timescales":[49],"since":[50],"they":[51],"only":[52,331],"model":[53,178,302,315],"the":[54,64,95,102,106,128,132,140,158,162,192,198,201,235,240,245,263,276,280,300,308,311,316,326,333,339,344,354,367],"average":[55],"annual,":[56],"semi-annual,":[57],"and/or":[58,336],"daily":[59],"variations.":[60],"As":[61],"a":[62,120,176,180,284],"result,":[63],"existed":[65],"perform":[69],"well":[70,314,343],"under":[71],"extreme":[72],"weather":[73,98],"conditions.":[74],"To":[75,165],"address":[76],"limitation,":[78],"we":[79,169],"propose":[80,170],"estimate":[82],"Zenith":[83,87,264],"Hydrostatic":[84],"Delay":[85,89,266],"(ZHD),":[86],"Wet":[88],"(ZWD),":[90],"directly":[93],"from":[94,149],"stratified":[96],"numerical":[97],"forecasting":[99,117],"products":[100,242,268,313,341],"mesoscale":[103],"version":[104],"Global/Regional":[107],"Assimilation":[108],"PrEdiction":[110],"(GRAPES_MESO)":[112],"China.":[114],"The":[115,185],"GRAPES_MESO":[116,163],"data":[118],"has":[119,204,283],"temporal":[121],"resolution":[122],"3":[124],"h,":[125],"which":[126,154,295,352],"provides":[127],"opportunity":[129],"variation.":[134],"it":[136],"is":[137,155,296,370],"found":[138],"that":[139,330],"estimated":[141],"ZWD":[142],"exhibit":[145],"apparent":[146],"systematic":[147],"deviation":[148],"in":[150,161,257,303,374],"situ":[151],"observation-based":[152],"estimates,":[153],"due":[156],"inherent":[159],"biases":[160,174,205],"data.":[164],"solve":[166],"problem,":[168],"correct":[172],"using":[175,275],"linear":[177],"spherical":[181],"cap":[182],"harmonic":[183],"model.":[184],"after":[187],"correction":[188],"termed":[190],"as":[191],"\u201cCTropGrid\u201d":[193],"products.":[194],"When":[195,261],"validated":[196],"by":[197,252],"radiosonde":[199],"data,":[200,279],"CTropGrid":[202,241,281,312,340,368],"product":[203,369],"1.5":[207,226],"mm,":[208,210,222,224,294],"\u22120.7":[209,287],"\u22120.1":[212],"K,":[213],"Root":[215],"Mean":[216],"Square":[217],"(RMS)":[218],"error":[219],"8.9":[221],"20.2":[223],"K":[227],"ZHD,":[229,248,320,348],"ZWD,":[230,249,321,349],"Compared":[233,324],"widely":[236],"used":[237],"GPT2w":[238,301],"model,":[239],"improved":[244],"accuracies":[246],"11.9%,":[253],"55.6%,":[254],"60.5%":[256],"terms":[258,304],"RMS.":[260,306],"validating":[262],"Tropospheric":[265],"(ZTD)":[267],"(the":[269],"sum":[270],"ZHD":[272],"ZWD)":[274],"IGS":[277],"ZTD":[278,282],"bias":[285],"mm":[288],"an":[290,371],"RMS":[291],"35.8":[293],"22.7%":[297],"better":[298],"than":[299],"Besides":[307],"accuracy":[309],"improvements,":[310],"synoptic-scale":[317],"existing":[327],"capture":[332,342],"tidal":[334],"(seasonal":[335],"diurnal)":[337],"variations,":[338],"non-tidal":[345],"Tm,":[351],"enhances":[353],"corrections":[357],"water":[360],"vapor":[361],"monitoring":[362],"timescales.":[365],"Therefore,":[366],"progress":[373]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2021-07-19T00:00:00"}