{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185054271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132595","title":"Novel Machine Learning Method Integrating Ensemble Learning and Deep Learning for Mapping Debris-Covered Glaciers","display_name":"Novel Machine Learning Method Integrating Ensemble Learning and Deep Learning for Mapping Debris-Covered Glaciers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185054271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132595","mag":"3185054271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132595","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2595/pdf?version=1625228574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2595/pdf?version=1625228574","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031882165","display_name":"Yijie Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-5270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijie Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088908675","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-8619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055456921","display_name":"Donghui Shangguan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-0722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghui Shangguan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102022336","display_name":"Junhua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-3036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088908675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.4732,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9535627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"2595","last_page":"2595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.7295276522636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.697388768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris","display_name":"Debris","score":0.6820260882377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5485700368881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-spaceborne-thermal-emission-and-reflection-radiometer","display_name":"Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer","score":0.5427098870277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.536840558052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.5139769911766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.49188995361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-glacier","display_name":"Rock glacier","score":0.4562152922153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3798269033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3439842760562897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.340676486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25081729888916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.2322632372379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11540934443473816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.7295276522636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.697388768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703","display_name":"Debris","level":2,"score":0.6820260882377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5485700368881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13772937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298019","display_name":"Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer","level":3,"score":0.5427098870277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.536840558052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.5139769911766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.49188995361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169556411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884736","display_name":"Rock glacier","level":3,"score":0.4562152922153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3798269033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3439842760562897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.340676486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25081729888916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.2322632372379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11540934443473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132595","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2595/pdf?version=1625228574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:402931384bc14f578328f55168c0abf4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/402931384bc14f578328f55168c0abf4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 2595 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/13/2595/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 13; Pages: 2595","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132595","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2595/pdf?version=1625228574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3081164249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41701087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6346509129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7373847194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185054271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185054271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027709137","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2085585287","https://openalex.org/W2099949050","https://openalex.org/W2116564120","https://openalex.org/W2136783177","https://openalex.org/W2141169867","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2159332398","https://openalex.org/W2166298662","https://openalex.org/W2168601869","https://openalex.org/W2256286256","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2337825141","https://openalex.org/W2360525272","https://openalex.org/W2489828852","https://openalex.org/W2576060361","https://openalex.org/W2807778988","https://openalex.org/W2891367133","https://openalex.org/W2892296951","https://openalex.org/W2901464108","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912687257","https://openalex.org/W2916558994","https://openalex.org/W2921064772","https://openalex.org/W2930359273","https://openalex.org/W2936322338","https://openalex.org/W2941764482","https://openalex.org/W2963079406","https://openalex.org/W2992820108","https://openalex.org/W2993134750","https://openalex.org/W2998879183","https://openalex.org/W3002594465","https://openalex.org/W3004081952","https://openalex.org/W3010407137","https://openalex.org/W3014849150","https://openalex.org/W3015882936","https://openalex.org/W3021297918","https://openalex.org/W3022043513","https://openalex.org/W3022378226","https://openalex.org/W3027542479","https://openalex.org/W3027624056","https://openalex.org/W3032957921","https://openalex.org/W3035608410","https://openalex.org/W3041608560","https://openalex.org/W3045486392","https://openalex.org/W3046668975","https://openalex.org/W3047537194","https://openalex.org/W3048489561","https://openalex.org/W3049016040","https://openalex.org/W3061415658","https://openalex.org/W3080635524","https://openalex.org/W3087122056","https://openalex.org/W3092246203","https://openalex.org/W3099432496","https://openalex.org/W3104715597","https://openalex.org/W3109750868","https://openalex.org/W3110400176","https://openalex.org/W3111223936","https://openalex.org/W3113306409","https://openalex.org/W3116080608","https://openalex.org/W3116453415","https://openalex.org/W3119565427","https://openalex.org/W3120574804","https://openalex.org/W3123925081","https://openalex.org/W3126412031","https://openalex.org/W3127199302","https://openalex.org/W3134956322","https://openalex.org/W3136282756","https://openalex.org/W3137000917","https://openalex.org/W3170413300","https://openalex.org/W3176751376","https://openalex.org/W4210699701","https://openalex.org/W4239677523","https://openalex.org/W4245835284","https://openalex.org/W6772804341","https://openalex.org/W6775734984","https://openalex.org/W6779984285","https://openalex.org/W6786541050","https://openalex.org/W6791630777","https://openalex.org/W7036771700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469485159","https://openalex.org/W4289890595","https://openalex.org/W2888776212","https://openalex.org/W2057365899","https://openalex.org/W2974808229","https://openalex.org/W2182089699","https://openalex.org/W2063704467","https://openalex.org/W1978741505","https://openalex.org/W2748193501","https://openalex.org/W3005183787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glaciers":[0],"in":[1],"High":[2],"Mountain":[3],"Asia":[4],"(HMA)":[5],"have":[6],"a":[7,14,34,101,162],"significant":[8],"impact":[9],"on":[10,96,121,156],"human":[11],"activity.":[12],"Thus,":[13],"detailed":[15],"and":[16,36,45,60,76,111,132,138,150,180,199,221,230],"up-to-date":[17],"inventory":[18],"of":[19,30,40,90,103,168,216,228,247],"glaciers":[20,32],"is":[21,33,50,80],"crucial,":[22],"along":[23,63],"with":[24,55,64,186],"monitoring":[25],"them":[26],"regularly.":[27],"The":[28,117,166],"identification":[29],"debris-covered":[31,91,97,232],"fundamental":[35],"yet":[37],"challenging":[38],"component":[39],"research":[41],"into":[42],"glacier":[43,98,154,163],"change":[44],"water":[46],"resources,":[47,78],"but":[48],"it":[49,79,205],"limited":[51],"by":[52,197],"spectral":[53],"similarities":[54],"surrounding":[56],"bedrock,":[57],"snow-affected":[58],"areas,":[59,62],"mountain-shadowed":[61],"issues":[65,224],"related":[66,104],"to":[67,71,82,86,160,239],"manual":[68],"discrimination.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"use":[72],"fewer":[73],"human,":[74],"material,":[75],"financial":[77],"necessary":[81],"develop":[83],"better":[84],"methods":[85],"determine":[87],"the":[88,133,157,173,190,193,200,209,214,217,223,226,241,245],"boundaries":[89],"glaciers.":[92,233,248],"This":[93],"study":[94],"focused":[95],"mapping":[99],"using":[100],"combination":[102],"technologies":[105],"such":[106],"as":[107,152],"random":[108],"forest":[109],"(RF)":[110],"convolutional":[112],"neural":[113],"network":[114],"(CNN)":[115],"models.":[116],"models":[118,236],"were":[119,171,178,184,237],"tested":[120],"Landsat":[122],"8":[123],"Operational":[124],"Land":[125],"Imager":[126],"(OLI)/Thermal":[127],"Infrared":[128],"Sensor":[129],"(TIRS)":[130],"data":[131],"Advanced":[134],"Spaceborne":[135],"Thermal":[136],"Emission":[137],"Reflection":[139],"Radiometer":[140],"Global":[141],"Digital":[142],"Elevation":[143],"Model":[144],"(ASTER":[145],"GDEM),":[146],"selecting":[147],"Eastern":[148],"Pamir":[149],"Nyainqentanglha":[151],"typical":[153],"areas":[155],"Tibetan":[158],"Plateau":[159],"construct":[161],"classification":[164,235,246],"system.":[165],"performances":[167],"different":[169,174],"classifiers":[170],"compared,":[172],"classifier":[175],"construction":[176],"strategies":[177],"optimized,":[179],"multiple":[181],"single-classifier":[182],"outputs":[183],"obtained":[185],"slight":[187],"differences.":[188],"Using":[189],"relationship":[191],"between":[192],"surface":[194],"area":[195],"covered":[196],"debris":[198,210],"machine":[201,218],"learning":[202,219],"model":[203,220,243],"parameters,":[204],"was":[206],"found":[207],"that":[208],"coverage":[211],"directly":[212],"determined":[213],"performance":[215],"mitigated":[222],"affecting":[225],"detection":[227],"active":[229],"inactive":[231],"Various":[234],"integrated":[238],"ascertain":[240],"best":[242],"for":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}