{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183867023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132561","title":"Use of A MODIS Satellite-Based Aridity Index to Monitor Drought Conditions in Mongolia from 2001 to 2013","display_name":"Use of A MODIS Satellite-Based Aridity Index to Monitor Drought Conditions in Mongolia from 2001 to 2013","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183867023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132561","mag":"3183867023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132561","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2561/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2561/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102413158","display_name":"Reiji Kimura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4588055","display_name":"Tottori University","ror":"https://ror.org/024yc3q36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4588055"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Reiji Kimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4588055"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113700881","display_name":"Masao Moriyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43777268","display_name":"Nagasaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/058h74p94","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43777268"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masao Moriyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43777268"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102413158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4588055"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3136,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7902235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"2561","last_page":"2561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desertification","display_name":"Desertification","score":0.7872945070266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid","display_name":"Arid","score":0.7638063430786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7019745111465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.6234951019287109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aridity-index","display_name":"Aridity index","score":0.5751257538795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5176749229431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dryness","display_name":"Dryness","score":0.5087350010871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rangeland","display_name":"Rangeland","score":0.4518822431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.41269680857658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.38530102372169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.37520378828048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.319820761680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.31526559591293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.23347723484039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.11503094434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07552653551101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07346060872077942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33559203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183481","display_name":"Desertification","level":2,"score":0.7872945070266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.7638063430786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7019745111465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6234951019287109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164270790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773097","display_name":"Aridity index","level":3,"score":0.5751257538795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5176749229431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777464272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309747","display_name":"Dryness","level":2,"score":0.5087350010871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130989795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3364870","display_name":"Rangeland","level":2,"score":0.4518822431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.41269680857658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.38530102372169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37520378828048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.319820761680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.31526559591293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.23347723484039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.11503094434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07552653551101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07346060872077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132561","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2561/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c5e57b185cb4302b70cef25ccfd3c67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c5e57b185cb4302b70cef25ccfd3c67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 2561 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/13/2561/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 13; Pages: 2561","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132561","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2561/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183867023.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183867023.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966895245","https://openalex.org/W1970976295","https://openalex.org/W1985857142","https://openalex.org/W1994202734","https://openalex.org/W1995283272","https://openalex.org/W1999667422","https://openalex.org/W2010934622","https://openalex.org/W2019860792","https://openalex.org/W2040099150","https://openalex.org/W2056845648","https://openalex.org/W2061944170","https://openalex.org/W2077968790","https://openalex.org/W2095958334","https://openalex.org/W2098931319","https://openalex.org/W2153989276","https://openalex.org/W2550966582","https://openalex.org/W2572384894","https://openalex.org/W2617318372","https://openalex.org/W2619199205","https://openalex.org/W2651113476","https://openalex.org/W2737640233","https://openalex.org/W2792927628","https://openalex.org/W2793713152","https://openalex.org/W2901145303","https://openalex.org/W2912686224","https://openalex.org/W2941190866","https://openalex.org/W2952853986","https://openalex.org/W2960368383","https://openalex.org/W2981950413","https://openalex.org/W3033639245","https://openalex.org/W3041298834","https://openalex.org/W3047895040","https://openalex.org/W3095654385","https://openalex.org/W3158261366","https://openalex.org/W6980622524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388466570","https://openalex.org/W2006367741","https://openalex.org/W4387573603","https://openalex.org/W2769877079","https://openalex.org/W4385700899","https://openalex.org/W3120379411","https://openalex.org/W2089704555","https://openalex.org/W2107977555","https://openalex.org/W2004174654","https://openalex.org/W4303628915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,108,207],"4D":[1],"disasters":[2],"(desertification,":[3],"drought,":[4],"dust,":[5],"and":[6,21,36,58,83,131,178,226,249],"dzud,":[7],"a":[8,102,166,194],"Mongolian":[9],"term":[10],"for":[11,49,214,235],"severe":[12],"winter":[13],"weather)":[14],"have":[15],"recently":[16,97],"been":[17],"increasing":[18],"in":[19,68,124,143,171,175,186,262],"Mongolia,":[20],"their":[22,50],"impacts":[23],"on":[24,44],"the":[25,40,53,74,77,91,113,120,129,132,135,141,150,153,156,163,176,179,198,215,228,263],"livelihoods":[26],"of":[27,34,42,56,65,76,94,104,128,155,181,210,267],"humans":[28],"has":[29,38,96,255],"likewise":[30],"increased.":[31],"combination":[33],"drought":[35,57,60,202,211,237,265],"dzud":[37],"caused":[39,165],"loss":[41],"livestock":[43],"which":[45],"nomadic":[46],"herdsmen":[47],"depend":[48],"well-being.":[51],"Understanding":[52],"spatiotemporal":[54],"patterns":[55],"predicting":[59],"conditions":[61,180],"are":[62],"important":[63],"goals":[64],"scientific":[66],"research":[67],"Mongolia.":[69,268],"This":[70],"study":[71],"involved":[72],"examining":[73],"trends":[75],"normalized":[78],"difference":[79],"vegetation":[80],"index":[81,86],"(NDVI)":[82],"satellite-based":[84],"aridity":[85,105],"(SbAI)":[87],"to":[88,159,188,196],"determine":[89],"why":[90],"land":[92,157,241,258],"surface":[93,158],"Mongolia":[95,172],"(2001\u20132013)":[98],"become":[99],"drier":[100],"across":[101],"range":[103],"indices":[106],"(AIs).":[107],"main":[109],"reasons":[110],"were":[111],"that":[112],"maximum":[114],"NDVI":[115],"(NDVImax)":[116],"was":[117,137,145,212,260],"lower":[118],"than":[119],"NDVImax":[121,246],"typically":[122],"found":[123],"other":[125],"arid":[126],"regions":[127],"world,":[130],"SbAI":[133,142,168,231,252],"throughout":[134,162],"year":[136,164],"large":[138,167,261],"(dry),":[139],"although":[140],"summer":[144,184],"comparatively":[146],"small":[147],"(wet).":[148],"Under":[149],"current":[151],"conditions,":[152],"capacity":[154],"retain":[160],"water":[161],"because":[169],"rainfall":[170,185],"is":[173,218],"concentrated":[174],"summer,":[177],"grasslands":[182],"reflect":[183],"addition":[187],"grazing":[189],"pressure.":[190],"We":[191],"then":[192],"proposed":[193],"method":[195],"monitor":[197],"land-surface":[199],"dryness":[200],"or":[201],"using":[203],"only":[204],"satellite":[205],"data.":[206],"correct":[208],"identification":[209],"higher":[213],"SbAI.":[216],"Drought":[217],"more":[219],"strongly":[220],"correlated":[221],"with":[222],"soil":[223],"moisture":[224],"anomalies,":[225],"thus":[227],"annual":[229,245,250],"averaged":[230,251],"might":[232],"be":[233],"appropriate":[234],"monitoring":[236],"during":[238],"seasons.":[239],"Degraded":[240,257],"area,":[242],"defined":[243],"as":[244],"<":[247],"0.2":[248],">":[253],"0.025,":[254],"decreased.":[256],"area":[259],"major":[264],"years":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}