{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174321653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132549","title":"Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Changes in Abandoned Farmland Based on Long Time Series of Remote Sensing Data","display_name":"Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Changes in Abandoned Farmland Based on Long Time Series of Remote Sensing Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174321653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132549","mag":"3174321653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2549/pdf?version=1625037058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2549/pdf?version=1625037058","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114131786","display_name":"Zhonghui Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghui Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026697566","display_name":"Xiaohe Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-1939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohe Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081357598","display_name":"Qian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6154-5985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065644623","display_name":"Xueqian Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqian Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024307114","display_name":"Yunbing Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunbing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026697566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.8088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90449522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"2549","last_page":"2549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12467","display_name":"Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-reclamation","display_name":"Land reclamation","score":0.8105194568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abandonment","display_name":"Abandonment (legal)","score":0.5800732970237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5210399031639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47847887873649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.4289153814315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4260016083717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.42555955052375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.38346612453460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11933043599128723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61661205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130322","display_name":"Land reclamation","level":2,"score":0.8105194568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305418","display_name":"Abandonment (legal)","level":2,"score":0.5800732970237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5210399031639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47847887873649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4289153814315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.4260016083717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.42555955052375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.38346612453460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11933043599128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2549/pdf?version=1625037058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d60a1ea41fd483aa7a805058517f278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d60a1ea41fd483aa7a805058517f278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 2549 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/13/2549/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 13; Pages: 2549","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2549/pdf?version=1625037058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850767608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41571323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8715154466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020A58","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336570","funder_display_name":"Beijing Talents Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336570","display_name":"Beijing Talents Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174321653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174321653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189916372","https://openalex.org/W1967823391","https://openalex.org/W1985833640","https://openalex.org/W2028033986","https://openalex.org/W2029612207","https://openalex.org/W2036760816","https://openalex.org/W2065706053","https://openalex.org/W2097170725","https://openalex.org/W2125975404","https://openalex.org/W2138218659","https://openalex.org/W2154724034","https://openalex.org/W2356594195","https://openalex.org/W2381690498","https://openalex.org/W2386877592","https://openalex.org/W2469695964","https://openalex.org/W2531201931","https://openalex.org/W2789395723","https://openalex.org/W2899201594","https://openalex.org/W2924202670","https://openalex.org/W2982063085","https://openalex.org/W6678640781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351978338","https://openalex.org/W2369329102","https://openalex.org/W2355403593","https://openalex.org/W2374873665","https://openalex.org/W4386146682","https://openalex.org/W2073128866","https://openalex.org/W2388001001","https://openalex.org/W2028004539","https://openalex.org/W2391411583","https://openalex.org/W2387773303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,11,16,35,52,66,93,106,110,118,124,134,143,147,157,169,175,182,191,200,223,233,252,268,282,318],"rapid":[2],"increase":[3],"in":[4,23,43,60,117,168,179,185,291,307],"costs":[6],"of":[7,13,18,27,55,81,95,105,109,127,136,146,160,165,213,226,236,249,251,261,267,271,276,284],"rural":[8],"labour":[9],"and":[10,32,40,51,76,86,101,129,132,181,199,216,232,311,323],"adjustment":[12],"planting":[14],"structures,":[15],"phenomenon":[17],"farmland":[19,45,97,131,137,166,193,207,228,254,308],"abandonment":[20,107,167,194,208,247,277,288,309],"has":[21],"appeared":[22],"China.":[24],"It":[25],"is":[26],"great":[28],"significance":[29],"to":[30,46,154,189,221,281,327],"promptly":[31],"accurately":[33],"grasp":[34],"information":[36],"on":[37,70],"dynamic":[38],"temporal":[39],"spatial":[41,125],"changes":[42],"abandoned":[44,96,128,253,272,285,328],"ensure":[47],"national":[48],"food":[49],"security":[50],"sustainable":[53],"use":[54],"cultivated":[56,111],"land.":[57],"Luquan":[58],"District":[59],"Hebei,":[61],"China":[62],"was":[63,113,172,196,203,229,238,244,255,278],"selected":[64],"as":[65],"research":[67,310],"area":[68,171,195,202,209,225,260,270,283],"based":[69],"multispectral":[71],"images":[72],"from":[73,152],"Sentinel-2A,":[74],"Landsat-7,":[75],"Landsat-8":[77],"combined":[78],"with":[79,174,325],"methods":[80],"random":[82],"forest":[83],"(RF)":[84],"classification":[85],"vegetation":[87],"index":[88],"change":[89],"detection.":[90],"Rules":[91],"for":[92,156,303,316],"identification":[94],"were":[98],"also":[99,114,122],"developed,":[100],"remote":[102],"sensing":[103],"monitoring":[104],"status":[108],"land":[112],"carried":[115],"out":[116],"study":[119,158,170],"area.":[120],"We":[121,294],"obtained":[123],"distribution":[126],"reclaimed":[130,227],"analysed":[133],"frequency":[135,248,275],"abandonment.":[138],"The":[139,162,206,240,246,274],"results":[140,298],"show":[141],"that":[142,296],"overall":[144,241],"accuracy":[145],"land-use":[148],"time-series":[149],"map":[150],"ranged":[151],"90.20%":[153],"96.92%":[155],"period":[159],"2010\u20132020.":[161],"average":[163],"rate":[164,177,235,243],"10.62%,":[173],"lowest":[176],"(5.83%)":[178],"2020":[180],"highest":[183,234],"(14.09%)":[184],"2012.":[186],"From":[187,219],"2011":[188],"2020,":[190,222],"maximum":[192,224],"3906.02":[197],"hm2,":[198,231,263],"minimum":[201],"1618.74":[204],"hm2.":[205],"showed":[210],"a":[211,314],"trend":[212],"first":[214],"increasing":[215],"then":[217],"decreasing.":[218],"2012":[220],"291.49":[230],"reclamation":[237,242],"14.26%.":[239],"low.":[245],"most":[250],"1\u20133":[256],"years,":[257],"covering":[258],"an":[259],"8193.73":[262],"which":[264],"comprised":[265],"79%":[266],"total":[269],"farmland.":[273,286,329],"inversely":[279],"proportional":[280],"Farmland":[287],"mainly":[289],"occurred":[290],"hilly":[292],"areas.":[293],"expect":[295],"our":[297],"can":[299,312],"provide":[300,313],"case":[301],"studies":[302],"long":[304],"time":[305],"series":[306],"reference":[315],"studying":[317],"driving":[319],"factors,":[320],"risk":[321],"assessment,":[322],"policymaking":[324],"respect":[326]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}
