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YET  THESE SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN THE FOCUS OF RESEARCH PRIMARILY DRIVEN BY DISCIPLINARY OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGIES. AS A RESULT  STUDIES OF TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC PROCESSES IN WETLAND-ESTUARY SYSTEMS HAVE REMAINED LARGELY DISCONNECTED. URBAN DEVELOPMENT  POPULATION SHIFTS AND ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO AFFECT COASTAL WETLAND BIODIVERSITY  BIOGEOCHEMISTRY  VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS AND GEOMORPHIC STABILITY. THE LINKAGES  HOWEVER  BETWEEN THESE HUMAN- INDUCED ALTERATIONS OF WETLAND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ESTUARINE ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND VULNERABILITY TO COASTAL HAZARDS  REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN AND DRIVE THE PROPOSED RESEARCH. THIS PROPOSAL BRINGS TOGETHER AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM TO ADDRESS FOUR KEY SCIENCE OBJECTIVES THAT EXPLICITLY LINK COASTAL URBAN LANDSCAPES  WETLANDS AND ESTUARIES: (I) MAP TIDAL MARSH AREA EXTENT AND PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN A HEAVILY URBANIZED ESTUARY  ASSESS THE STATUS AND CHANGE IN THESE WETLAND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OVER MULTI-DECADAL TIMESCALES  AND EXAMINE LINKAGES TO COASTAL POPULATION CHANGE AND ASSOCIATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT. THIS WILL BE USEFUL FOR ASSESSING BOTH DEGRADATION OF WETLAND HABITATS (E.G.  EXPANSION OF INVASIVE PHRAGMITES) AS WELL AS EFFECTIVENESS OF RECENT RESTORATION EFFORTS.(II) ASSESS HOW SHIFTS AND LANDSCAPE VARIABILITY IN WETLAND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS (I.E.  MARSH EXTENT AND PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION) INFLUENCE THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF NUTRIENTS AND ORGANIC MATTER EXCHANGED BETWEEN TIDAL MARSHES AND ADJACENT ESTUARINE WATERS.(III) QUANTIFY IMPACTS OF HUMAN-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN WETLAND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WETLAND-ESTUARINE TIDAL EXCHANGES ON ESTUARINE ECOLOGY  SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSING ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY  ORGANIC MATTER CYCLING  PLANKTON COMMUNITY COMPOSITION  AND LINKING TO DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOXIC CONDITIONS  OCCURRENCE OF BLOOM OUTBREAKS AND CHANGE IN FISHERIES HABITAT.(IV) DETERMINE POTENTIAL INFLUENCES OF FUTURE NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES ON THESE PROCESSES UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN POPULATION CHANGE SCENARIOS. WE WILL ADDRESS THESE OBJECTIVES THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF NEW REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF TIDAL MARSH AREA EXTENT  VEGETATION COMMUNITIES AND INUNDATION REGIMES (SENTINEL-1 SAR  PALSAR  PALSAR-2  LANDSAT  SENTINEL-2  ASTER)  AND ADVANCED RETRIEVALS OF ESTUARINE BIOLOGICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES (SENTINEL-2  LANDSAT  HICO  MERIS  MODIS  VIIRS). REMOTE SENSING WILL BE INTEGRATED WITH MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ECOLOGICAL  PALEOECOLOGICAL  AND SOCIOECONOMIC DATASETS  SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC MODELS OF POPULATION GROWTH  AND A NOVEL COUPLED HYDRODYNAMIC-PHOTO-BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL THAT WE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE MARSH- ESTUARINE CONTINUUM. HUMAN-IMPACTED TIDAL WETLANDS ARE UBIQUITOUS  AND RESULTS FROM OUR STUDY AND THE DEVELOPED REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING TOOLS WILL BE BROADLY APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS URBAN-MARSH-ESTUARINE SYSTEMS.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC17K0258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4988358190","display_name":"TIDAL WETLANDS PROVIDE A NUMBER OF IMPORTANT ECOSYSTEM SERVICES INCLUDING FLOOD CONTROL  SEDIMENT CAPTURE  AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE. ALTHOUGH WETLANDS COVER ONLY 5-8% OF THE EARTH S SURFACE  THEY CONTAIN A DISPROPORTIONATE AMOUNT  APPROXIMATELY 20-30%  OF THE EARTH S TOTAL SOIL CARBON. DESPITE THEIR ENORMOUS ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC VALUE  TIDAL WETLANDS ARE SUBJECT TO MANY NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC STRESSORS  INCLUDING SEA LEVEL RISE  NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT  AND COASTAL DEVELOPMENT. THE SPATIAL EXTENT OF COASTAL WETLANDS  AND ITS CHANGE  IS AMONG THE BIGGEST UNKNOWNS IN OUR EFFORTS TO ASSESS THE ECOLOGICAL HEALTH OF THESE SYSTEMS AND THEIR RESPONSES TO PAST AND FUTURE STRESSORS. HERE  I PROPOSE TO DEVELOP NEW REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR CHARACTERIZING AND MONITORING THE SPATIAL EXTENT  INUNDATION REGIMES  AND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES OF TIDAL MARSH ECOSYSTEMS. VEGETATION COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION PROVIDES INDICATIONS OF ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL. CHARACTERIZATION OF TIDAL INUNDATION PROVIDES ASSESSMENT OF LOCATIONS WHERE TIDAL MARSHES ARE LIKELY TO BE LOST DUE TO SEA LEVEL RISE  IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING AN ASSESSMENT OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON FLUXES. BY COMBINING INFORMATION ON TIDAL MARSH VEGETATION AND TIDAL INUNDATION CHARACTERIZATIONS  A MORE COMPLETE PICTURE OF WETLAND CARBON CYCLING AND WETLAND ECOLOGICAL HEALTH EMERGES. MY PRELIMINARY FINDINGS INDICATE THAT RADAR OBSERVATIONS ARE BEST SUITED TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF TIDAL INUNDATION  WHEREAS A FUSED RADAR-OPTICAL APPROACH IS MOST PRODUCTIVE FOR VEGETATION CHARACTERIZATION. THESE SPACE-BORNE OBSERVATIONS HAVE BEEN  AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE MATCHED WITH IN-SITU TIDAL OBSERVATIONS AND VEGETATION CHARACTERIZATIONS  IN ORDER TO VERIFY THE ACCURACY OF REMOTE SENSING-BASED CHARACTERIZATIONS OF TIDAL MARSHES OVER LARGE SPATIAL EXTENTS. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY WILL BE DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO NASA'S EARTH SCIENCE DIVISION OVERARCHING SCIENCE GOALS TO \"DETECT AND PREDICT CHANGES IN EARTH S ECOLOGICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES  INCLUDING LAND COVER  BIODIVERSITY  AND THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE\"  AND \"FURTHER THE USE OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE RESEARCH TO INFORM DECISIONS AND PROVIDE BENEFITS TO SOCIETY\". THIS PROJECT WILL RESULT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR ASSESSING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON COASTAL WETLANDS AND THE MANY SERVICES THESE ECOSYSTEMS PROVIDE.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC17K0365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7827532117","display_name":"SERVING AS A LINK BETWEEN THE LAND AND THE OCEAN, TIDAL WETLANDS ARE EXPOSED TO A WIDE VARIETY OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL STRESSORS. AMONG OUR MOST","funder_award_id":"NNX14AP06G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space 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