{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3177267144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132443","title":"Study on Non-Bragg Microwave Backscattering from Sea Surface Covered with and without Oil Film at Moderate Incidence Angles","display_name":"Study on Non-Bragg Microwave Backscattering from Sea Surface Covered with and without Oil Film at Moderate Incidence Angles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3177267144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132443","mag":"3177267144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132443","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2443/pdf?version=1624439249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2443/pdf?version=1624439249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032913245","display_name":"Honglei Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-4687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honglei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436722","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081231257","display_name":"Ali Khenchaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Khenchaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, 29806 Brest, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, 29806 Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452106","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032913245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7621,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71141261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"2443","last_page":"2443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.8653066754341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/braggs-law","display_name":"Bragg's law","score":0.8411650657653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5889646410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-angle-x-ray-scattering","display_name":"Wide-angle X-ray scattering","score":0.5313794016838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bragg-peak","display_name":"Bragg peak","score":0.5289635062217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5012772083282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.45491743087768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4537719190120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.43342751264572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4031413495540619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.3413228392601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-angle-neutron-scattering","display_name":"Small-angle neutron scattering","score":0.15998858213424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction","display_name":"Diffraction","score":0.1574665606021881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1092785894870758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.0711001455783844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-scattering","display_name":"Neutron scattering","score":0.053200751543045044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.8653066754341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39693636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847354","display_name":"Bragg's law","level":3,"score":0.8411650657653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5889646410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156866015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4165437","display_name":"Wide-angle X-ray scattering","level":5,"score":0.5313794016838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780944729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897227","display_name":"Bragg peak","level":3,"score":0.5289635062217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5012772083282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.45491743087768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4537719190120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43342751264572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4031413495540619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3413228392601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132841051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4165337","display_name":"Small-angle neutron scattering","level":4,"score":0.15998858213424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.1574665606021881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1092785894870758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0711001455783844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104015590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1451740","display_name":"Neutron scattering","level":3,"score":0.053200751543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132443","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2443/pdf?version=1624439249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03327348v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-03327348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2021, 13 (13), pp.2443. &#x27E8;10.3390/rs13132443&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49e97b198d634210a7f03a747dd1de70","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49e97b198d634210a7f03a747dd1de70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 2443 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/13/2443/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 13; Pages: 2443","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132443","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2443/pdf?version=1624439249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G127102329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2006207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2778230494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20CX06043A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3177267144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3177267144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964789258","https://openalex.org/W1965126265","https://openalex.org/W1968621060","https://openalex.org/W1973031729","https://openalex.org/W1987434578","https://openalex.org/W1996171359","https://openalex.org/W2010851006","https://openalex.org/W2017530008","https://openalex.org/W2018058208","https://openalex.org/W2021979091","https://openalex.org/W2031481546","https://openalex.org/W2049496041","https://openalex.org/W2059866795","https://openalex.org/W2065355895","https://openalex.org/W2076306694","https://openalex.org/W2078117096","https://openalex.org/W2082341739","https://openalex.org/W2082571124","https://openalex.org/W2087194329","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2105572471","https://openalex.org/W2118878957","https://openalex.org/W2119193769","https://openalex.org/W2136889516","https://openalex.org/W2143406407","https://openalex.org/W2151786616","https://openalex.org/W2156147529","https://openalex.org/W2167925091","https://openalex.org/W2189935646","https://openalex.org/W2487756946","https://openalex.org/W2560547786","https://openalex.org/W2755842546","https://openalex.org/W2816515895","https://openalex.org/W2860124386","https://openalex.org/W2897868993","https://openalex.org/W2927368913","https://openalex.org/W2945348433","https://openalex.org/W2949284170","https://openalex.org/W2978709991","https://openalex.org/W3008243659","https://openalex.org/W3039774876","https://openalex.org/W3116515162","https://openalex.org/W6642089727","https://openalex.org/W6687361091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978068048","https://openalex.org/W2060360467","https://openalex.org/W2090030152","https://openalex.org/W4388228390","https://openalex.org/W3177267144","https://openalex.org/W2044183310","https://openalex.org/W2136924990","https://openalex.org/W2077433200","https://openalex.org/W2023011860","https://openalex.org/W2050434869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,105,123,129,137,140,186,203,207,222],"past":[2],"decades,":[3],"Bragg":[4,62,126,131,163],"scattering":[5,13,29,60,73,109,164,191,194,205,225],"has":[6],"been":[7],"considered":[8],"to":[9,34,156,192],"be":[10],"an":[11,69],"important":[12],"mechanism":[14],"of":[15,98,107,118,125,139,185,189,221],"microwave":[16,108,224],"backscattering":[17],"from":[18,110,206,226],"sea":[19,89,100,111,209,228],"surfaces.":[20,90,112],"However,":[21],"as":[22],"reported":[23],"in":[24,136,165],"many":[25],"recent":[26],"literatures,":[27],"non-Bragg":[28,59,72,159,190,204,223],"(which":[30],"is":[31,114],"often":[32],"attributed":[33],"wave":[35,132],"breaking)":[36],"also":[37,198],"makes":[38],"a":[39,95,200,218],"significant":[40],"impact":[41],"on":[42,71,77,202],"radar":[43,50,78,151],"scattering,":[44,158,160],"especially":[45],"for":[46,85,104,122,217],"Horizontal\u2013Horizontal":[47],"(HH)":[48],"polarized":[49],"signals.":[51],"To":[52],"date,":[53],"we":[54],"know":[55],"far":[56],"less":[57],"about":[58],"than":[61],"scattering.":[63],"Herein,":[64],"this":[65],"paper":[66,92],"carries":[67],"out":[68],"investigation":[70],"and":[74,87,144,161,168,180],"its":[75],"effect":[76],"echoes":[79],"at":[80,230],"moderate":[81,231],"incidence":[82,176,232],"angles,":[83,177],"both":[84],"oil-free":[86],"oil-covered":[88,208],"This":[91,211],"firstly":[93],"presents":[94],"systematic":[96],"comparison":[97],"several":[99],"spectra":[101,133],"commonly":[102],"used":[103],"simulation":[106],"It":[113],"found":[115],"that":[116],"none":[117],"them":[119],"perform":[120,199],"well":[121],"description":[124],"waves.":[127],"Then,":[128],"\u201cpure\u201d":[130,162],"are":[134,170,195],"inverted":[135],"framework":[138],"two-scale":[141],"model":[142,146],"(TSM)":[143],"geophysical":[145],"functions":[147],"(GMFs).":[148],"The":[149],"normalized":[150],"cross":[152],"sections":[153],"(NRCS)":[154],"related":[155],"total":[157,193],"C,":[166],"X,":[167],"Ku-bands":[169],"simulated":[171],"under":[172],"various":[173],"conditions":[174],"(i.e.,":[175],"wind":[178,181],"speeds,":[179],"directions).":[182],"Quantitative":[183],"assessments":[184],"relative":[187],"contributions":[188],"conducted.":[196],"We":[197],"survey":[201],"surface.":[210],"article":[212],"provides":[213],"some":[214],"new":[215],"insights":[216],"better":[219],"understanding":[220],"rough":[227],"surfaces":[229],"angles.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
