{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175684261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132439","title":"Building Structure Mapping on Level Terrains and Sea Surfaces in Vietnam","display_name":"Building Structure Mapping on Level Terrains and Sea Surfaces in Vietnam","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175684261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132439","mag":"3175684261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2439/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2439/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061553193","display_name":"Khanh Duc Ngo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanh Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065931936","display_name":"S. V. Nghiem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4592-2979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Son Nghiem","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044996111","display_name":"Alex M. Lechner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-9480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Lechner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013857561","display_name":"Tuong Thuy Vu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6656-8016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158949172","display_name":"Curtin University Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/024fm2y42","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158949172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuong Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158949172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065931936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6318,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72152951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"2439","last_page":"2439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landform","display_name":"Landform","score":0.6581450700759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.60539311170578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5933327078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5564742088317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-settlement","display_name":"Human settlement","score":0.5055022239685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4196135997772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.41645777225494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.39009889960289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.33991003036499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.32462984323501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2458648681640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.15948787331581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.08843281865119934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108497213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271669","display_name":"Landform","level":2,"score":0.6581450700759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.60539311170578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5933327078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5564742088317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.5055022239685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4196135997772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.41645777225494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.39009889960289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33991003036499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32462984323501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2458648681640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15948787331581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08843281865119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2439/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lincoln.ac.uk:45367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196275","display_name":"Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","host_organization_name":"University of Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a3e26f927c14bb1b5468cb0545db4d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a3e26f927c14bb1b5468cb0545db4d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 2439 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/13/2439/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13132439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2439/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1120742974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018D000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","funder_display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1569617442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0NM0018D0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1794068954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018F0590","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2676722403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018D0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","funder_display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3648211085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018D0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7336105542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018D0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","funder_display_name":"California Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7472321420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0NM0018D0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","funder_display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175684261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175684261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971414292","https://openalex.org/W1976554284","https://openalex.org/W1991145689","https://openalex.org/W1997934109","https://openalex.org/W2064233390","https://openalex.org/W2100147696","https://openalex.org/W2110471980","https://openalex.org/W2119524638","https://openalex.org/W2121755604","https://openalex.org/W2563582223","https://openalex.org/W2612135033","https://openalex.org/W2767158871","https://openalex.org/W2768227526","https://openalex.org/W2779309607","https://openalex.org/W2783559609","https://openalex.org/W2802420741","https://openalex.org/W2805194363","https://openalex.org/W2909886125","https://openalex.org/W2940861401","https://openalex.org/W2969624459","https://openalex.org/W3005561186","https://openalex.org/W3011499952","https://openalex.org/W3090265201","https://openalex.org/W3096942993","https://openalex.org/W3126702044","https://openalex.org/W3137401420","https://openalex.org/W3205740192","https://openalex.org/W4214733473","https://openalex.org/W6757905460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3178049752","https://openalex.org/W2373784975","https://openalex.org/W2606531105","https://openalex.org/W4385704418","https://openalex.org/W1667702539","https://openalex.org/W2367991724","https://openalex.org/W3014868392","https://openalex.org/W2350846807","https://openalex.org/W2554007449","https://openalex.org/W2391048742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mapping":[0],"building":[1,55,89,108,199,297],"structures":[2,56,298],"is":[3,12,33],"crucial":[4],"for":[5,87,116,198],"environmental":[6,309],"change":[7],"and":[8,11,37,52,126,150,169,176,191,211,220,260,281,303],"impact":[9],"assessment,":[10],"especially":[13],"important":[14],"to":[15,34,50,60,120,128,236,273,294],"accurately":[16],"estimate":[17],"fossil":[18],"fuel":[19],"CO2":[20],"emissions":[21],"from":[22,44,57],"human":[23],"settlements.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,31],"regard,":[27],"the":[28,67,77,84,97,113,174,179,226,237,253,263,287],"objective":[29],"of":[30,73,99,163,189,196,231,290],"study":[32],"develop":[35],"novel":[36],"robust":[38,275],"methods":[39,136,175],"using":[40],"time-series":[41,110],"data":[42,75,168],"acquired":[43],"Sentinel-1":[45],"synthetic":[46],"aperture":[47],"radar":[48,124],"(SAR)":[49],"identify":[51,295],"map":[53],"persistent":[54,296],"coastal":[58],"plains":[59],"high":[61],"plateaus,":[62],"as":[63,65,106,216],"well":[64],"on":[66,96,304],"sea":[68,224,305],"surface.":[69],"From":[70],"annual":[71],"composites":[72],"SAR":[74,279,293],"in":[76,109,123,131,139,153,156,208,212,217,241,246,252,257,262,278],"two-dimensional":[78],"VV-VH":[79,85],"polarization":[80],"space,":[81],"we":[82,172],"determined":[83],"domain":[86],"detecting":[88],"structures,":[90],"whose":[91],"persistence":[92],"was":[93,104,271],"defined":[94],"based":[95],"number":[98],"times":[100],"that":[101,178],"a":[102,107,161],"pixel":[103],"identified":[105,229],"data.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"algorithm":[114,202,227],"accounted":[115],"misclassified":[117],"buildings":[118],"due":[119,127],"water-tree":[121],"interactions":[122],"signatures":[125],"topography":[129],"effects":[130],"complex":[132],"mountainous":[133],"landforms.":[134],"The":[135,201,268,284],"were":[137,181],"tested":[138],"five":[140],"cities":[141],"(B\u1ea1c":[142],"Li\u00eau,":[143,259],"C\u00e0":[144],"Mau,":[145],"S\u00f3c":[146],"Tr\u0103ng,":[147],"T\u00e2n":[148],"An,":[149],"Phan":[151],"Thi\u1ebft)":[152],"Vietnam":[154],"located":[155],"different":[157,308],"socio-environmental":[158],"regions":[159],"with":[160,183,307],"range":[162],"urban":[164],"configurations.":[165],"Using":[166],"in-situ":[167],"field":[170],"observations,":[171],"validated":[173],"found":[177],"results":[180,285],"accurate,":[182],"an":[184],"average":[185,192],"false":[186,193],"negative":[187],"rate":[188,195],"10.9%":[190],"positive":[194],"6.4%":[197],"detection.":[200],"could":[203],"also":[204],"detect":[205],"small":[206,213],"houses":[207],"rural":[209],"settlements":[210],"islands":[214,235],"such":[215],"H\u00f2n":[218,221],"S\u01a1n":[219],"Tre.":[222],"Over":[223],"surfaces,":[225],"effectively":[228],"lines":[230],"power":[232],"poles":[233],"connecting":[234],"mainland,":[238],"guard":[239],"shacks":[240],"marine":[242],"blood":[243],"clam":[244],"farms":[245],"Ki\u00ean":[247],"Giang,":[248],"individual":[249],"wind":[250,255],"towers":[251],"off-shore":[254],"farm":[256],"B\u1ea1c":[258],"oilrigs":[261],"V\u0169ng":[264],"T\u00e0u":[265],"oil":[266],"fields.":[267],"new":[269],"approach":[270],"developed":[272],"be":[274],"against":[276],"variations":[277],"incidence":[280],"azimuth":[282],"angles.":[283],"demonstrated":[286],"potential":[288],"use":[289],"satellite":[291],"dual-polarization":[292],"annually":[299],"across":[300],"rural\u2013urban":[301],"landscapes":[302],"surfaces":[306],"conditions.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
