{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176682250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122372","title":"Low-PAPR Waveforms with Shaped Spectrum for Enhanced Low Probability of Intercept Noise Radars","display_name":"Low-PAPR Waveforms with Shaped Spectrum for Enhanced Low Probability of Intercept Noise Radars","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176682250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122372","mag":"3176682250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2372/pdf?version=1624271481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2372/pdf?version=1624271481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051604917","display_name":"Kubilay Savci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157637111","display_name":"Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/05syseh24","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157637111"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kubilay Savci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turkish Naval Research Center Command and Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turkish Naval Research Center Command and Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157637111","https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002201117","display_name":"Gaspare Galati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1805-4640"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaspare Galati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University and CNIT-Consortium for Telecommunications, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University and CNIT-Consortium for Telecommunications, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064539649","display_name":"Gabriele Pavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-7265"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Pavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University and CNIT-Consortium for Telecommunications, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University and CNIT-Consortium for Telecommunications, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051604917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752","https://openalex.org/I157637111"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":13.4578,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98042068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"2372","last_page":"2372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5859891772270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.583278238773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5620922446250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurtosis","display_name":"Kurtosis","score":0.4535946249961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4500919282436371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.44965386390686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.39524179697036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37344062328338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33811211585998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33210307359695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3284684419631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23318156599998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2254527509212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1851365566253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16524091362953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1515096127986908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12424015998840332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5859891772270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.583278238773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5620922446250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166963901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287251","display_name":"Kurtosis","level":2,"score":0.4535946249961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4500919282436371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.44965386390686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.39524179697036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37344062328338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33811211585998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33210307359695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3284684419631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23318156599998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2254527509212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1851365566253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16524091362953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1515096127986908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12424015998840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2372/pdf?version=1624271481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/276229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbaa5cb954b54503a817352ddb490053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbaa5cb954b54503a817352ddb490053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 2372 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/12/2372/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2372/pdf?version=1624271481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176682250.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176682250.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484412996","https://openalex.org/W1985110006","https://openalex.org/W2038426564","https://openalex.org/W2046674752","https://openalex.org/W2079922560","https://openalex.org/W2104975786","https://openalex.org/W2105862752","https://openalex.org/W2132702454","https://openalex.org/W2133701212","https://openalex.org/W2150391795","https://openalex.org/W2166840709","https://openalex.org/W2271478065","https://openalex.org/W2434537168","https://openalex.org/W2480496932","https://openalex.org/W2602168195","https://openalex.org/W2808259678","https://openalex.org/W2912395062","https://openalex.org/W2981404239","https://openalex.org/W3021820245","https://openalex.org/W3083433655","https://openalex.org/W3085159681","https://openalex.org/W3135193843","https://openalex.org/W3163781965","https://openalex.org/W4244753254","https://openalex.org/W4252841508","https://openalex.org/W6628955290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381516319","https://openalex.org/W1506384729","https://openalex.org/W2037499216","https://openalex.org/W4225568567","https://openalex.org/W4286378979","https://openalex.org/W2075698830","https://openalex.org/W3127045225","https://openalex.org/W3216026256","https://openalex.org/W2059891554","https://openalex.org/W3004238938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Noise":[0],"radars":[1],"employ":[2],"random":[3,43],"waveforms":[4,82],"in":[5],"their":[6],"transmission":[7],"as":[8,14,46,50],"compared":[9],"to":[10,25,32,123],"traditional":[11],"radars.":[12,37],"Considered":[13],"enhanced":[15],"Low":[16],"Probability":[17],"of":[18,62,128],"Intercept":[19],"(LPI)":[20],"radars,":[21],"they":[22],"are":[23,136],"resilient":[24],"interference":[26],"and":[27,29,68,83,89,112,130],"jamming":[28],"less":[30],"vulnerable":[31],"adversarial":[33],"exploitation":[34],"than":[35],"conventional":[36],"At":[38],"its":[39],"simplest,":[40],"using":[41],"a":[42,51,59,63,104],"waveform":[44],"such":[45],"bandpass":[47],"Gaussian":[48],"noise":[49,65,81],"probing":[52],"signal":[53],"provides":[54],"limited":[55],"radar":[56,66],"performance.":[57],"After":[58],"concise":[60],"review":[61],"particular":[64],"architecture":[67],"related":[69],"correlation":[70,108],"processing,":[71],"this":[72],"paper":[73],"justifies":[74],"the":[75,85,117,125],"rationale":[76],"for":[77,99],"having":[78],"synthetic":[79],"(tailored)":[80],"proposes":[84],"Combined":[86],"Spectral":[87,118],"Shaping":[88],"Peak-to-Average":[90],"Power":[91],"Reduction":[92],"(COSPAR)":[93],"algorithm,":[94],"which":[95],"can":[96],"be":[97],"utilized":[98],"synthesizing":[100],"noise-like":[101],"sequences":[102],"with":[103],"Taylor-shaped":[105],"spectrum":[106],"under":[107],"sidelobe":[109],"level":[110],"constraints":[111],"assigned":[113],"Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio":[114],"(PAPR).":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"Kurtosis":[119],"measure":[120],"is":[121],"proposed":[122],"evaluate":[124],"LPI":[126],"property":[127],"waveforms,":[129],"experimental":[131],"results":[132],"from":[133],"field":[134],"trials":[135],"reported.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
