{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170542227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122303","title":"Microphysical Characteristics of Rainfall Observed by a 2DVD Disdrometer during Different Seasons in Beijing, China","display_name":"Microphysical Characteristics of Rainfall Observed by a 2DVD Disdrometer during Different Seasons in Beijing, China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170542227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122303","mag":"3170542227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122303","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2303/pdf?version=1624416827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2303/pdf?version=1624416827","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715435","display_name":"Li Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-9132"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046789178","display_name":"Jia Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-9698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Metstar Radar CO., LTD, Beijing 100085, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Metstar Radar CO., LTD, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767774","display_name":"Haonan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-3064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Enginereing, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Enginereing, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113680416","display_name":"Meilin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meilin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010153030","display_name":"Mingxuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-3197"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101860564","display_name":"Hui Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-0323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101142767","display_name":"Jianli Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianli Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087069901","display_name":"Siteng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-1055"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siteng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM), Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100767774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5717,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81559369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"2303","last_page":"2303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disdrometer","display_name":"Disdrometer","score":0.9324507713317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7398988008499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drizzle","display_name":"Drizzle","score":0.7171469330787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.6668354272842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.5371032953262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5196458101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonality","display_name":"Seasonality","score":0.44993072748184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.32219019532203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.29959824681282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.29229336977005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17992249131202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.179033100605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10717108845710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09044995903968811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116810829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230193","display_name":"Disdrometer","level":4,"score":0.9324507713317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7398988008499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63984324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211521","display_name":"Drizzle","level":3,"score":0.7171469330787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.6668354272842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5371032953262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5196458101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.44993072748184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.32219019532203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.29959824681282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.29229336977005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17992249131202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.179033100605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10717108845710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09044995903968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122303","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2303/pdf?version=1624416827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bd86fe4c59644529435e98e6f20f291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bd86fe4c59644529435e98e6f20f291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 2303 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/12/2303/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:53935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/53935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 13(12), 2303","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122303","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2303/pdf?version=1624416827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2811385684","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA19OAR4320073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5072767909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42005109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6855172120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1507502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170542227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170542227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W222526950","https://openalex.org/W223995386","https://openalex.org/W587687148","https://openalex.org/W1825848045","https://openalex.org/W1905663664","https://openalex.org/W1971136029","https://openalex.org/W1972871745","https://openalex.org/W1977070284","https://openalex.org/W1980267524","https://openalex.org/W1981533400","https://openalex.org/W1992955350","https://openalex.org/W1993617157","https://openalex.org/W1995358489","https://openalex.org/W2014329115","https://openalex.org/W2021388258","https://openalex.org/W2030033784","https://openalex.org/W2031566370","https://openalex.org/W2043375144","https://openalex.org/W2044270314","https://openalex.org/W2048184102","https://openalex.org/W2051550098","https://openalex.org/W2055218499","https://openalex.org/W2083273676","https://openalex.org/W2088135986","https://openalex.org/W2093652946","https://openalex.org/W2094764088","https://openalex.org/W2096696769","https://openalex.org/W2099354164","https://openalex.org/W2105372426","https://openalex.org/W2106292919","https://openalex.org/W2112492632","https://openalex.org/W2115792892","https://openalex.org/W2115922822","https://openalex.org/W2126625251","https://openalex.org/W2128558788","https://openalex.org/W2130258070","https://openalex.org/W2142140026","https://openalex.org/W2147252787","https://openalex.org/W2150080733","https://openalex.org/W2155586300","https://openalex.org/W2163667214","https://openalex.org/W2171689427","https://openalex.org/W2173351142","https://openalex.org/W2174905827","https://openalex.org/W2177746725","https://openalex.org/W2178394579","https://openalex.org/W2179998806","https://openalex.org/W2274487689","https://openalex.org/W2513135668","https://openalex.org/W2578768658","https://openalex.org/W2597988443","https://openalex.org/W2618170241","https://openalex.org/W2740960160","https://openalex.org/W2807108395","https://openalex.org/W2885318188","https://openalex.org/W2911535408","https://openalex.org/W2917300546","https://openalex.org/W2947226607","https://openalex.org/W2951808367","https://openalex.org/W2967012823","https://openalex.org/W2995812108","https://openalex.org/W2999001764","https://openalex.org/W3023073569","https://openalex.org/W3094365879","https://openalex.org/W4255622600","https://openalex.org/W6762776970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293739348","https://openalex.org/W2610052085","https://openalex.org/W3016423956","https://openalex.org/W2045185439","https://openalex.org/W2995812108","https://openalex.org/W2562987405","https://openalex.org/W2161054196","https://openalex.org/W2178415932","https://openalex.org/W3101475724","https://openalex.org/W2606759216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,120,134,203,247,273],"seasonal":[1,79,88,196,260],"variations":[2],"of":[3,40,54,136,139,154,192,206,216,275,293],"raindrop":[4,68],"size":[5],"distribution":[6,39,45,135],"(DSD)":[7],"and":[8,67,81,141,161,214,224,251,290],"rainfall":[9,41,53,83,108,121,144,162,180],"are":[10,71],"investigated":[11,303],"using":[12],"three-year":[13],"(2016\u20132018)":[14],"observations":[15],"from":[16,113,128,278,287],"a":[17,24,43,47],"two-dimensional":[18],"video":[19],"disdrometer":[20],"(2DVD)":[21],"located":[22],"at":[23,233],"suburban":[25],"station":[26],"(40.13\u00b0":[27],"N,":[28],"116.62\u00b0":[29],"E,":[30],"~30":[31],"m":[32],"AMSL)":[33],"in":[34,49,109,165,182,201,226,239,271],"Beijing,":[35],"China.":[36],"annual":[38],"presents":[42],"unimodal":[44],"with":[46,51,152],"peak":[48],"summer":[50,110,240],"total":[52,87,107],"966.6":[55],"mm,":[56],"followed":[57],"by":[58,169],"fall.":[59],"Rain":[60],"rate":[61,253],"(R),":[62],"mass-weighted":[63],"mean":[64,204],"diameter":[65],"(Dm),":[66],"concentration":[69],"(Nt)":[70],"stratified":[72],"into":[73],"six":[74],"regimes":[75],"to":[76,85,243,265],"study":[77],"their":[78],"variation":[80],"relative":[82,143],"contribution":[84,145],"the":[86,98,103,106,142,158,174,210,220,234,237,244,266,284,291],"rainfall.":[89],"Heavy":[90],"drizzle/light":[91],"rain":[92,115,171,252],"(R2:":[93],"0.2~2.5":[94],"mm":[95,118],"h\u22121)":[96],"has":[97,194],"maximum":[99,159],"occurrence":[100,137,160],"frequency":[101,138],"throughout":[102,173],"year,":[104],"while":[105],"is":[111,125,167,177,228,241],"primarily":[112,127],"heavy":[114],"(R4:":[116],"10~50":[117],"h\u22121).":[119],"for":[122],"all":[123],"seasons":[124,151],"contributed":[126],"small":[129],"raindrops":[130,276],"(Dm2:":[131],"1.0~2.0":[132],"mm).":[133],"Nt":[140,153],"exhibit":[146],"similar":[147],"behavior":[148],"during":[149,189,222],"four":[150],"10~1000":[155],"m\u22123":[156],"registering":[157],"contributions.":[163],"Rainfall":[164],"Beijing":[166,227],"dominated":[168],"stratiform":[170],"(SR)":[172],"year.":[175],"There":[176],"no":[178],"convective":[179],"(CR)":[181],"winter,":[183],"i.e.,":[184],"it":[185],"occurs":[186],"most":[187],"often":[188],"summer.":[190,272],"DSD":[191],"SR":[193],"minor":[195],"differences,":[197,261],"but":[198,262],"varies":[199],"significantly":[200],"CR.":[202],"values":[205],"log10Nw":[207],"(Nw:":[208],"mm\u22121m\u22123,":[209],"generalized":[211],"intercept":[212],"parameter)":[213],"Dm":[215],"CR":[217,221,238],"indicate":[218],"that":[219],"spring":[223],"fall":[225],"neither":[229],"continental":[230],"nor":[231],"maritime,":[232],"same":[235],"time,":[236],"close":[242,264],"maritime-like":[245],"cluster.":[246],"radar":[248,300],"reflectivity":[249],"(Z)":[250],"(R)":[254],"relationship":[255,270],"(Z":[256],"=":[257],"aRb)":[258],"showed":[259],"were":[263],"standard":[267],"NEXRAD":[268],"Z-R":[269],"shape":[274,285],"observed":[277],"2DVD":[279],"was":[280,302],"more":[281],"spherical":[282],"than":[283],"obtained":[286],"previous":[288],"experiments,":[289],"effect":[292],"different":[294],"axis":[295],"ratio":[296],"relations":[297],"on":[298],"polarimetric":[299],"measurements":[301],"through":[304],"T-matrix-based":[305],"scattering":[306],"simulations.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}