{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170959533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122261","title":"DeepIndices: Remote Sensing Indices Based on Approximation of Functions through Deep-Learning, Application to Uncalibrated Vegetation Images","display_name":"DeepIndices: Remote Sensing Indices Based on Approximation of Functions through Deep-Learning, Application to Uncalibrated Vegetation Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170959533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122261","mag":"3170959533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122261","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2261/pdf?version=1623244409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2261/pdf?version=1623244409","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042943855","display_name":"Jehan-Antoine Vayssade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-8347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135996","display_name":"Institut Agro Dijon","ror":"https://ror.org/03zek0r74","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100404","display_name":"Agro\u00e9cologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkad321","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210100404","https://openalex.org/I4210116240","https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933","https://openalex.org/I4407990431"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jehan-Antoine Vayssade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4210100404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029181857","display_name":"Jean-No\u00ebl Paoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0499-9398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135996","display_name":"Institut Agro Dijon","ror":"https://ror.org/03zek0r74","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100404","display_name":"Agro\u00e9cologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkad321","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210100404","https://openalex.org/I4210116240","https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933","https://openalex.org/I4407990431"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-No\u00ebl Paoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4210100404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004221385","display_name":"Christelle G\u00e9e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-5433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100404","display_name":"Agro\u00e9cologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkad321","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210100404","https://openalex.org/I4210116240","https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933","https://openalex.org/I4407990431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135996","display_name":"Institut Agro Dijon","ror":"https://ror.org/03zek0r74","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christelle G\u00e9e","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4210100404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032376740","display_name":"Gawain Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-9590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100404","display_name":"Agro\u00e9cologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkad321","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210100404","https://openalex.org/I4210116240","https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933","https://openalex.org/I4407990431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135996","display_name":"Institut Agro Dijon","ror":"https://ror.org/03zek0r74","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4399657933"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gawain Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agro\u00e9cologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, F-21000 Dijon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135996","https://openalex.org/I4210100404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042943855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100404","https://openalex.org/I4210135996"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80289801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"2261","last_page":"2261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.6591485142707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5368844270706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5358928442001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5226854085922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5223625898361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5215244889259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5131426453590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.46616488695144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4494936466217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.4116683602333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38326209783554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.3269762396812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14416450262069702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6591485142707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5368844270706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5358928442001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5226854085922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5223625898361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5215244889259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5131426453590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.46616488695144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4494936466217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.4116683602333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38326209783554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.3269762396812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14416450262069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122261","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2261/pdf?version=1623244409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03263161v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://institut-agro-dijon.hal.science/hal-03263161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2021, 13 (2261), pp.1-21. ⟨10.3390/rs13122261⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6bc44887f8484817b8acc8c7c6e6597f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6bc44887f8484817b8acc8c7c6e6597f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 2261 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/12/2261/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 12; Pages: 2261","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5082053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5082053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing 13(2261)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13122261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122261","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/12/2261/pdf?version=1623244409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170959533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170959533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1752870650","https://openalex.org/W1817277359","https://openalex.org/W1946710007","https://openalex.org/W1974236932","https://openalex.org/W1986738039","https://openalex.org/W1986806303","https://openalex.org/W1987997875","https://openalex.org/W1996170583","https://openalex.org/W2073998042","https://openalex.org/W2167869331","https://openalex.org/W2475228785","https://openalex.org/W2511730936","https://openalex.org/W2530523491","https://openalex.org/W2560311620","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2617056706","https://openalex.org/W2623946272","https://openalex.org/W2736693979","https://openalex.org/W2739413041","https://openalex.org/W2759366285","https://openalex.org/W2766134838","https://openalex.org/W2798305197","https://openalex.org/W2802787693","https://openalex.org/W2803003656","https://openalex.org/W2804795130","https://openalex.org/W2804846062","https://openalex.org/W2885850997","https://openalex.org/W2890443329","https://openalex.org/W2893366591","https://openalex.org/W2899594121","https://openalex.org/W2902055884","https://openalex.org/W2907920413","https://openalex.org/W2912130932","https://openalex.org/W2922306415","https://openalex.org/W2962782553","https://openalex.org/W2963107874","https://openalex.org/W2963331974","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2967714688","https://openalex.org/W2969295906","https://openalex.org/W2981982375","https://openalex.org/W2982363097","https://openalex.org/W2990768290","https://openalex.org/W2991343933","https://openalex.org/W2996831395","https://openalex.org/W3011750162","https://openalex.org/W3018655369","https://openalex.org/W3038091703","https://openalex.org/W3039502206","https://openalex.org/W3042504870","https://openalex.org/W3091857005","https://openalex.org/W3104052837","https://openalex.org/W3112139896","https://openalex.org/W3112929969","https://openalex.org/W3132114041","https://openalex.org/W4245809084","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6720907169","https://openalex.org/W6770783104","https://openalex.org/W6783863169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317911","https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W3210115020","https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W4372264653","https://openalex.org/W4310842702","https://openalex.org/W4285330809","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2096239959","https://openalex.org/W2985493737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54,141],"form":[1,42],"of":[2,56,79,118,153,194,211,224,236],"a":[3,62,70,114,145,191,209],"remote":[4],"sensing":[5],"index":[6,182,207,226],"is":[7,59,215],"generally":[8],"empirically":[9],"defined,":[10],"whether":[11],"by":[12,73],"choosing":[13],"specific":[14,146],"reflectance":[15],"bands,":[16],"equation":[17],"forms":[18,78],"or":[19],"its":[20],"coefficients.":[21],"These":[22,158],"spectral":[23],"indices":[24,120,168],"are":[25,110,160],"used":[26,149,181],"as":[27,231,233],"preprocessing":[28],"stage":[29],"before":[30],"object":[31],"detection/classification.":[32],"But":[33],"no":[34],"study":[35,58,142],"seems":[36],"to":[37,48,60,64,131,164,204,218],"search":[38],"for":[39,183],"the":[40,50,66,128,134,170,179,220,225,234],"best":[41,198],"through":[43],"function":[44,97],"approximation":[45],"in":[46,104,150],"order":[47],"optimize":[49],"classification":[51],"and/or":[52],"segmentation.":[53],"objective":[55],"this":[57],"develop":[61],"method":[63],"find":[65],"optimal":[67],"index,":[68],"using":[69,125,169],"statistical":[71],"approach":[72],"gradient":[74],"descent":[75],"on":[76,144],"different":[77],"generic":[80],"equations.":[81],"From":[82],"six":[83],"wavebands":[84],"images,":[85],"five":[86],"equations":[87],"have":[88],"been":[89],"tested,":[90],"namely:":[91],"linear,":[92],"linear":[93],"ratio,":[94],"polynomial,":[95],"universal":[96],"approximator":[98],"and":[99,107,121,133,155,162,174,222],"dense":[100],"morphological.":[101],"Few":[102],"techniques":[103],"signal":[105],"processing":[106],"image":[108],"analysis":[109],"also":[111],"deployed":[112],"within":[113],"deep-learning":[115],"framework.":[116],"Performances":[117],"standard":[119],"DeepIndices":[122,159],"were":[123],"evaluated":[124],"two":[126],"metrics,":[127],"dice":[129],"(similar":[130],"f1-score)":[132],"mean":[135],"intersection":[136],"over":[137],"union":[138],"(mIoU)":[139],"scores.":[140],"focuses":[143],"multispectral":[147],"camera":[148],"near-field":[151],"acquisition":[152],"soil":[154],"vegetation":[156,167,172],"surfaces.":[157],"built":[161],"compared":[163],"89":[165],"common":[166],"same":[171],"dataset":[173],"metrics.":[175],"As":[176],"an":[177,201,206],"illustration":[178],"most":[180],"vegetation,":[184],"NDVI":[185],"(Normalized":[186],"Difference":[187],"Vegetation":[188],"Indices)":[189],"offers":[190],"mIoU":[192,210],"score":[193],"63.98%":[195],"whereas":[196],"our":[197],"models":[199],"gives":[200],"analytic":[202],"solution":[203],"reconstruct":[205],"with":[208],"82.19%.":[212],"This":[213],"difference":[214],"significant":[216],"enough":[217],"improve":[219],"segmentation":[221],"robustness":[223],"from":[227],"various":[228],"external":[229],"factors,":[230],"well":[232],"shape":[235],"detected":[237],"elements.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}