{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170519663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112131","title":"Shedding New Light on Mountainous Forest Growth: A Cross-Scale Evaluation of the Effects of Topographic Illumination Correction on 25 Years of Forest Cover Change across Nepal","display_name":"Shedding New Light on Mountainous Forest Growth: A Cross-Scale Evaluation of the Effects of Topographic Illumination Correction on 25 Years of Forest Cover Change across Nepal","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170519663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112131","mag":"3170519663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2131/pdf?version=1624438409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2131/pdf?version=1624438409","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065931208","display_name":"Jamon Van Den Hoek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-0022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jamon Van Den Hoek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031861272","display_name":"Alexander C. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011180081","display_name":"Kaspar Hurni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-3404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089307","display_name":"East\u2013West Center","ror":"https://ror.org/008encc97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089307"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaspar Hurni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076327641","display_name":"Sumeet Saksena","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089307","display_name":"East\u2013West Center","ror":"https://ror.org/008encc97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumeet Saksena","raw_affiliation_strings":["East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061991816","display_name":"Jefferson Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-654X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089307","display_name":"East\u2013West Center","ror":"https://ror.org/008encc97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jefferson Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065931208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.2035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91630883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2131","last_page":"2131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-cover","display_name":"Forest cover","score":0.6770229339599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6019809246063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5694255232810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.5087941288948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.47744351625442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4551224708557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4515867829322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3516997694969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.24614471197128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.19545963406562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11212167143821716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986088632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4259364","display_name":"Forest cover","level":2,"score":0.6770229339599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6019809246063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5694255232810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.5087941288948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.47744351625442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4551224708557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4515867829322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3516997694969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.24614471197128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.19545963406562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11212167143821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2131/pdf?version=1624438409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:165385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/165385/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401086","display_name":"Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Van Den Hoek, Jamon; Smith, Alexander C.; Hurni, Kaspar; Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson (2021). Shedding New Light on Mountainous Forest Growth: A Cross-Scale Evaluation of the Effects of Topographic Illumination Correction on 25 Years of Forest Cover Change across Nepal. Remote sensing, 13(11), p. 2131. MDPI 10.3390/rs13112131 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112131>","raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:50686e2b21b34a03a1dc8ed812d38940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/50686e2b21b34a03a1dc8ed812d38940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2131 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/11/2131/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 2131","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2131/pdf?version=1624438409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6841334026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX15AF65G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170519663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3170519663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186191888","https://openalex.org/W1483493965","https://openalex.org/W1583995889","https://openalex.org/W1786645813","https://openalex.org/W1968563567","https://openalex.org/W1981095698","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W1985773647","https://openalex.org/W1999681891","https://openalex.org/W2001666814","https://openalex.org/W2022078304","https://openalex.org/W2025215020","https://openalex.org/W2027373634","https://openalex.org/W2031600437","https://openalex.org/W2031695825","https://openalex.org/W2031939453","https://openalex.org/W2033430899","https://openalex.org/W2035760813","https://openalex.org/W2046339565","https://openalex.org/W2047553026","https://openalex.org/W2048078494","https://openalex.org/W2051108398","https://openalex.org/W2055827677","https://openalex.org/W2058375733","https://openalex.org/W2070939483","https://openalex.org/W2078638557","https://openalex.org/W2083945068","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2097492507","https://openalex.org/W2098975333","https://openalex.org/W2105770001","https://openalex.org/W2111807174","https://openalex.org/W2114450819","https://openalex.org/W2126976145","https://openalex.org/W2140908571","https://openalex.org/W2141968636","https://openalex.org/W2151456308","https://openalex.org/W2160103118","https://openalex.org/W2161424977","https://openalex.org/W2163980598","https://openalex.org/W2255588450","https://openalex.org/W2273147317","https://openalex.org/W2323007368","https://openalex.org/W2409618982","https://openalex.org/W2417942706","https://openalex.org/W2474948341","https://openalex.org/W2476304005","https://openalex.org/W2514352119","https://openalex.org/W2565874474","https://openalex.org/W2570762839","https://openalex.org/W2572348253","https://openalex.org/W2588017045","https://openalex.org/W2605847660","https://openalex.org/W2618042609","https://openalex.org/W2625392538","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2779284745","https://openalex.org/W2801299731","https://openalex.org/W2801667818","https://openalex.org/W2804326239","https://openalex.org/W2808846037","https://openalex.org/W2808903498","https://openalex.org/W2922152173","https://openalex.org/W2945702213","https://openalex.org/W2949726448","https://openalex.org/W2996386073","https://openalex.org/W2996554203","https://openalex.org/W3068556596","https://openalex.org/W4233201992","https://openalex.org/W4242058261","https://openalex.org/W4253562857","https://openalex.org/W6635005370","https://openalex.org/W6638005408","https://openalex.org/W6658045383","https://openalex.org/W6659706739","https://openalex.org/W6662248070","https://openalex.org/W6665060765","https://openalex.org/W6668133781","https://openalex.org/W6681168932","https://openalex.org/W6716897930","https://openalex.org/W6781710874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1515964938","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W2389381914","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W4308716060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"remote":[1,241],"sensing":[2,242],"of":[3,28,68,81,90,97,102,108,116,170,188,237,244],"mountainous":[4,130,229,246],"forest":[5,53,84,98,117,127,150,172,189,203,217,230,247],"cover":[6,54,85,99,118,128,151,173,190,218,231,248],"change":[7,100,174,219],"is":[8,17],"important":[9],"for":[10,227,239],"myriad":[11],"social":[12],"and":[13,21,57,86,95,113,143,165,199],"ecological":[14],"reasons,":[15],"but":[16,43],"challenged":[18],"by":[19],"topographic":[20,31],"illumination":[22,32,222],"conditions":[23,223],"that":[24,159,212],"can":[25],"affect":[26],"detection":[27,80,243],"forests.":[29],"Several":[30],"correction":[33],"(TIC)":[34],"approaches":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"developed":[38],"to":[39,78,122,215],"mitigate":[40],"these":[41],"effects,":[42],"existing":[44],"research":[45],"has":[46,58],"focused":[47],"mostly":[48],"on":[49,110],"whether":[50],"TIC":[51,69,76,109,145,160,180,213,238],"improves":[52],"classification":[55,123],"accuracy":[56,74,164],"usually":[59],"found":[60,158],"only":[61],"marginal":[62],"gains.":[63],"However,":[64],"the":[65,91,106,111,205,235],"beneficial":[66],"effects":[67,107],"may":[70],"go":[71],"well":[72],"beyond":[73],"since":[75],"promises":[77],"improve":[79],"low":[82],"illuminated":[83,207],"thereby":[87],"normalize":[88,216],"measurements":[89],"amount,":[92],"geographic":[93,114],"distribution,":[94],"rate":[96],"regardless":[101],"illumination.":[103],"To":[104],"assess":[105],"extent":[112],"distribution":[115,187],"change,":[119],"in":[120,140,183,204],"addition":[121],"accuracy,":[124],"we":[125],"mapped":[126],"across":[129,175,192,220],"Nepal":[131,176,193],"using":[132,152],"a":[133,153,184],"25-year":[134],"(1992\u20132016)":[135],"gap-filled":[136],"Landsat":[137],"time":[138],"series":[139],"two":[141],"ways\u2014with":[142],"without":[144],"(i.e.,":[146],"nonTIC)\u2014and":[147],"classified":[148],"annual":[149],"Random":[154],"Forest":[155],"classifier.":[156],"We":[157,233],"modestly":[161],"increased":[162],"classifier":[163],"produced":[166],"more":[167,185,196,201],"conservative":[168],"estimates":[169],"net":[171,197],"(\u22125.2%":[177],"from":[178],"1992\u20132016).":[179],"also":[181],"resulted":[182],"even":[186],"gain":[191,198],"with":[194,224],"3\u20135%":[195],"4\u20136%":[200],"regenerated":[202],"least":[206],"regions.":[208],"These":[209],"results":[210],"show":[211],"helped":[214],"varying":[221],"particular":[225],"benefits":[226],"detecting":[228],"gain.":[232],"encourage":[234],"use":[236],"satellite":[240],"long-term":[245],"change.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}