{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172599549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112116","title":"Knowledge-Driven GeoAI: Integrating Spatial Knowledge into Multi-Scale Deep Learning for Mars Crater Detection","display_name":"Knowledge-Driven GeoAI: Integrating Spatial Knowledge into Multi-Scale Deep Learning for Mars Crater Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172599549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112116","mag":"3172599549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2116/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2116/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047929591","display_name":"Chia-Yu Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-1213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Yu Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338179","display_name":"Wenwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101536427","display_name":"Sizhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100338179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.7229,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9542708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2116","last_page":"2116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12364","display_name":"Archaeological Research and Protection","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7402729988098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.7056297063827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-crater","display_name":"Impact crater","score":0.6899183988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.49893951416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4921254515647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-exploration-program","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","score":0.4910714626312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47824516892433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.43539953231811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34727466106414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.29234588146209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25939303636550903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7402729988098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.7056297063827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179537507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55818","display_name":"Impact crater","level":2,"score":0.6899183988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.49893951416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4921254515647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.4910714626312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47824516892433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43539953231811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34727466106414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29234588146209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25939303636550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2116/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:970671c1a52d4a269f8835824c93c9b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/970671c1a52d4a269f8835824c93c9b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2116 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/11/2116/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 2116","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2116/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1050660001","display_name":"Convergence Accelerator Phase I (RAISE): Open Knowledge Network for Spatial Decision Support","funder_award_id":"1937908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1118552834","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OIA-1936677","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2378987362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BCS-1455349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2947721200","display_name":"A1: KnowWhereGraph: Enriching and Linking Cross-Domain Knowledge Graphs using Spatially-Explicit AI Technologies","funder_award_id":"2033521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3087416095","display_name":"CAREER: Cyber-Knowledge Infrastructure for Geospatial Data","funder_award_id":"1455349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8065560759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BCS-1853864","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8813306948","display_name":"GeoAI for Terrain Analysis: A Deep-Learning Approach for Landform Feature Detection","funder_award_id":"1853864","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172599549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172599549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22745672","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522665625","https://openalex.org/W1544289921","https://openalex.org/W1653615996","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1928240765","https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W1979139959","https://openalex.org/W1992765525","https://openalex.org/W2006113258","https://openalex.org/W2011797575","https://openalex.org/W2028483491","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2034653503","https://openalex.org/W2041812800","https://openalex.org/W2044996558","https://openalex.org/W2045323482","https://openalex.org/W2046242848","https://openalex.org/W2048184437","https://openalex.org/W2063135069","https://openalex.org/W2070651968","https://openalex.org/W2077395178","https://openalex.org/W2081593298","https://openalex.org/W2088222049","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2127592841","https://openalex.org/W2148848671","https://openalex.org/W2169003559","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294479402","https://openalex.org/W2322480645","https://openalex.org/W2473015405","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2555250579","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2576938664","https://openalex.org/W2788752791","https://openalex.org/W2792008101","https://openalex.org/W2864198995","https://openalex.org/W2899944658","https://openalex.org/W2913927692","https://openalex.org/W2922359028","https://openalex.org/W2936628966","https://openalex.org/W2953187609","https://openalex.org/W2962992847","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963315052","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2963544187","https://openalex.org/W2964037464","https://openalex.org/W2999331685","https://openalex.org/W3009665639","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3022142302","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3037702162","https://openalex.org/W3093639989","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3110100162","https://openalex.org/W3172509672","https://openalex.org/W4230498685","https://openalex.org/W4238723347","https://openalex.org/W6631306494","https://openalex.org/W6635425037","https://openalex.org/W6637078013","https://openalex.org/W6639461879","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6720734845","https://openalex.org/W6780022968","https://openalex.org/W7036856958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2625809971","https://openalex.org/W1663847441","https://openalex.org/W2768493687","https://openalex.org/W2170886505","https://openalex.org/W1969484083","https://openalex.org/W2743845306","https://openalex.org/W2792375831","https://openalex.org/W2386713424","https://openalex.org/W4382051772","https://openalex.org/W2052557232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,184],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,30,41,45,63,86,124,149,190],"new":[4],"GeoAI":[5,64,173],"solution":[6,65],"to":[7,39,70,92,114,129,176,180,189],"support":[8],"automated":[9],"mapping":[10],"of":[11,26,48,119,134,164,193],"global":[12,55],"craters":[13],"on":[14,67,108],"the":[15,24,109,131,145,157,169,177],"Mars":[16],"surface.":[17],"Traditional":[18],"crater":[19,56,139,153],"detection":[20,83,154,195],"algorithms":[21],"suffer":[22],"from":[23],"limitation":[25],"working":[27],"only":[28],"in":[29,44,152],"semiautomated":[31],"or":[32],"multi-stage":[33],"manner,":[34],"and":[35,122,137,196],"most":[36],"were":[37],"developed":[38],"handle":[40],"specific":[42],"dataset":[43],"small":[46,138],"subarea":[47],"Mars\u2019":[49],"surface,":[50],"hindering":[51],"their":[52],"transferability":[53],"for":[54],"detection.":[57],"As":[58],"an":[59],"alternative,":[60],"we":[61],"propose":[62],"based":[66,107],"deep":[68],"learning":[69],"tackle":[71],"this":[72],"problem":[73],"effectively.":[74],"Three":[75],"innovative":[76],"features":[77],"are":[78],"integrated":[79,113],"into":[80,168],"our":[81],"object":[82,101,194],"pipeline:":[84],"(1)":[85],"feature":[87,94],"pyramid":[88],"network":[89],"is":[90,112,127],"leveraged":[91],"generate":[93],"maps":[95],"with":[96],"rich":[97],"semantics":[98],"across":[99],"multiple":[100],"scales;":[102],"(2)":[103],"prior":[104],"geospatial":[105,165],"knowledge":[106,167],"Hough":[110],"transform":[111],"enable":[115,181],"more":[116],"accurate":[117],"localization":[118],"potential":[120],"craters;":[121],"(3)":[123],"scale-aware":[125],"classifier":[126],"adopted":[128],"increase":[130,151],"prediction":[132],"accuracy":[133],"both":[135],"large":[136],"instances.":[140],"The":[141,162],"results":[142],"show":[143],"that":[144],"proposed":[146],"strategies":[147],"bring":[148],"significant":[150],"performance":[155],"than":[156],"popular":[158],"Faster":[159],"R-CNN":[160],"model.":[161],"integration":[163],"domain":[166],"data-driven":[170],"analytics":[171],"moves":[172],"research":[174,185],"up":[175],"next":[178],"level":[179],"knowledge-driven":[182],"GeoAI.":[183],"can":[186],"be":[187],"applied":[188],"wide":[191],"variety":[192],"image":[197],"analysis":[198],"tasks.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}