{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168731373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111","title":"Mapping Land Surface Temperature Developments in Functional Urban Areas across Europe","display_name":"Mapping Land Surface Temperature Developments in Functional Urban Areas across Europe","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168731373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111","mag":"3168731373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2111/pdf?version=1622790459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2111/pdf?version=1622790459","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042560062","display_name":"Anna Hellings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1868-2915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800093905","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800093905"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Hellings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR), 53179 Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR), 53179 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800093905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070181177","display_name":"Andreas Rienow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-3298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Rienow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-3298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042560062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800093905"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78643417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2111","last_page":"2111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.6468744277954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.613400936126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6083264350891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5933467149734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-climate","display_name":"Urban climate","score":0.5022635459899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.47934040427207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.4483029246330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42614132165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.18034285306930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.062179505825042725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6468744277954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.613400936126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6083264350891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5933467149734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158049464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075337","display_name":"Urban climate","level":3,"score":0.5022635459899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.47934040427207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4483029246330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42614132165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.18034285306930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.062179505825042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2111/pdf?version=1622790459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3cdef3f930e454892427a4f37bab1c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3cdef3f930e454892427a4f37bab1c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2111 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/11/2111/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 2111","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2111/pdf?version=1622790459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168731373.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168731373.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W943879107","https://openalex.org/W967119667","https://openalex.org/W1622515456","https://openalex.org/W1928027805","https://openalex.org/W1961590362","https://openalex.org/W1968163062","https://openalex.org/W1974493897","https://openalex.org/W1979863349","https://openalex.org/W1983322114","https://openalex.org/W1983482133","https://openalex.org/W1983934822","https://openalex.org/W1997058127","https://openalex.org/W2002010707","https://openalex.org/W2013381076","https://openalex.org/W2030737358","https://openalex.org/W2037652060","https://openalex.org/W2041463178","https://openalex.org/W2055921565","https://openalex.org/W2062258304","https://openalex.org/W2069954559","https://openalex.org/W2074398030","https://openalex.org/W2102182928","https://openalex.org/W2107795096","https://openalex.org/W2109003212","https://openalex.org/W2139730717","https://openalex.org/W2141409967","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2159538844","https://openalex.org/W2193980439","https://openalex.org/W2309083551","https://openalex.org/W2492320425","https://openalex.org/W2494970423","https://openalex.org/W2725384496","https://openalex.org/W2725525241","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2757079192","https://openalex.org/W2803079456","https://openalex.org/W2907470085","https://openalex.org/W2941060156","https://openalex.org/W2943287822","https://openalex.org/W2996691396","https://openalex.org/W3034521021","https://openalex.org/W3203074124","https://openalex.org/W4244831270","https://openalex.org/W4245972137","https://openalex.org/W6612448612","https://openalex.org/W6731535050","https://openalex.org/W6740659256","https://openalex.org/W6781425651","https://openalex.org/W7074599507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3139771780","https://openalex.org/W2794157523","https://openalex.org/W3014868556","https://openalex.org/W4221115110","https://openalex.org/W1974493897","https://openalex.org/W4320025396","https://openalex.org/W2064647057","https://openalex.org/W2790241121","https://openalex.org/W3094584678","https://openalex.org/W1979863349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsustainable":[0],"development":[1,28],"paths":[2],"have":[3,73],"reached":[4],"critical":[5],"levels":[6],"in":[7,12,35,37,126],"Europe.":[8],"In":[9],"recent":[10],"years,":[11,41],"cities,":[13],"urbanization":[14],"has":[15],"been":[16],"contributing":[17],"to":[18,86],"the":[19,27,38,42,46,54,58,115,118],"intensification":[20],"of":[21,29,57,135],"urban":[22,31,55,66,79],"heat":[23,32],"islands.":[24],"To":[25],"analyze":[26],"surface":[30,48],"islands":[33],"(SUHI)":[34],"Europe":[36],"last":[39],"few":[40],"present":[43],"study":[44],"combines":[45],"land":[47,60,96],"temperature":[49],"(LST)":[50],"from":[51],"MODIS":[52],"with":[53,148],"classes":[56],"CORINE":[59],"cover":[61],"data":[62],"within":[63,93],"617":[64],"functional":[65],"areas":[67,80,92],"(FUAs).":[68],"Urban":[69],"and":[70,117,129,144],"industrial":[71],"uses":[72],"significantly":[74],"higher":[75],"LST":[76,101,110,150],"than":[77],"green":[78],"across":[81],"all":[82],"years":[83],"(about":[84],"4":[85],"6":[87],"\u00b0C),":[88],"as":[89],"do":[90],"agricultural":[91],"cities.":[94],"Besides":[95],"cover,":[97],"location":[98],"also":[99],"influences":[100],"differences.":[102],"While,":[103],"e.g.,":[104],"Bolzano":[105],"(Italy)":[106],"shows":[107],"particularly":[108],"large":[109],"differences":[111,140],"(&gt;6":[112],"\u00b0C)":[113],"between":[114,141],"core":[116],"commuting":[119,146],"zone,":[120],"this":[121],"effect":[122],"is":[123],"hardly":[124],"visible":[125],"Porto":[127],"(Portugal)":[128],"Madrid":[130],"(Spain)":[131],"(&lt;2.5":[132],"\u00b0C).":[133],"Cities":[134],"moderate":[136],"climates":[137],"show":[138],"increasing":[139],"a":[142],"city":[143],"its":[145],"zones":[147],"rising":[149],"(r":[151],"=":[152],"0.68),":[153],"i.e.,":[154],"less":[155],"cooling":[156],"effects":[157],"at":[158],"night.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}
