{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169383988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112095","title":"Spatiotemporal Patterns in Data Availability of the Sentinel-5P NO2 Product over Urban Areas in Norway","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Patterns in Data Availability of the Sentinel-5P NO2 Product over Urban Areas in Norway","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169383988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112095","mag":"3169383988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112095","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2095/pdf?version=1622099720","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2095/pdf?version=1622099720","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091659615","display_name":"Philipp Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-8683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67061984","display_name":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7d9z06","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033043322","display_name":"Paul Hamer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0645-2932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67061984","display_name":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7d9z06","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul D. Hamer","raw_affiliation_strings":["NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059660583","display_name":"Arve Kylling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67061984","display_name":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7d9z06","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arve Kylling","raw_affiliation_strings":["NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020712410","display_name":"Shobitha Shetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-547X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67061984","display_name":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7d9z06","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shobitha Shetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086821865","display_name":"Kerstin Stebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6935-7564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67061984","display_name":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7d9z06","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerstin Stebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091659615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67061984"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90239232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2095","last_page":"2095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7605514526367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.6128718852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"Cloud cover","score":0.5966206789016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.5628770589828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-dioxide","display_name":"Nitrogen dioxide","score":0.5395627617835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48223957419395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4772631824016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-zenith-angle","display_name":"Solar zenith angle","score":0.457851767539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-index","display_name":"Air quality index","score":0.4342530071735382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.37836354970932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.36571061611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.29619401693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2687247395515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09732121229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08264169096946716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7605514526367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.6128718852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.5966206789016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.5628770589828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207895","display_name":"Nitrogen dioxide","level":2,"score":0.5395627617835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48223957419395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4772631824016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776573159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556691","display_name":"Solar zenith angle","level":2,"score":0.457851767539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.4342530071735382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.37836354970932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.36571061611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.29619401693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2687247395515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09732121229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08264169096946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112095","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2095/pdf?version=1622099720","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2895f209f314c48bad1ac1ec966961f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2895f209f314c48bad1ac1ec966961f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2095 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/11/2095/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 2095","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nilu.brage.unit.no:11250/2758195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2758195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"13","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112095","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2095/pdf?version=1622099720","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169383988.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169383988.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672771901","https://openalex.org/W2045412781","https://openalex.org/W2109890866","https://openalex.org/W2597578960","https://openalex.org/W2908418060","https://openalex.org/W2966113012","https://openalex.org/W2989504300","https://openalex.org/W2995883393","https://openalex.org/W3021980696","https://openalex.org/W3041006286","https://openalex.org/W3041570623","https://openalex.org/W3094546955","https://openalex.org/W3120366921","https://openalex.org/W3130550111","https://openalex.org/W3135484287","https://openalex.org/W4231214543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379261655","https://openalex.org/W1782792179","https://openalex.org/W2033155270","https://openalex.org/W2772047739","https://openalex.org/W2030197634","https://openalex.org/W2039938883","https://openalex.org/W1648600398","https://openalex.org/W2884884583","https://openalex.org/W4377992086","https://openalex.org/W2593271589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,65,209,213,248,256,296],"its":[2,8,34,278],"comparatively":[3],"high":[4,85],"spatial":[5,162],"resolution":[6],"and":[7,84,134,136,191,226,254,304,316,329],"daily":[9,183],"repeat":[10],"frequency,":[11],"the":[12,19,25,43,93,108,112,118,176,196,200,227,230,251,267,281,287,292,310,320,323],"tropospheric":[13,121,165],"nitrogen":[14,122],"dioxide":[15,123],"product":[16,125,295],"provided":[17],"by":[18,60,187],"TROPOspheric":[20],"Monitoring":[21],"Instrument":[22],"(TROPOMI)":[23],"onboard":[24],"Sentinel-5":[26],"Precursor":[27],"platform":[28],"has":[29,277],"attracted":[30],"significant":[31,81],"attention":[32],"for":[33,36,49,101,152,222,301,319],"potential":[35,318],"urban-scale":[37],"monitoring":[38,305],"of":[39,45,53,95,114,164,178,202,232,246,270,286,306,322],"air":[40],"quality.":[41],"However,":[42,175,284],"exploitation":[44],"such":[46,156],"data":[47,62,116,180,264,299,324,327],"in,":[48],"example,":[50],"operational":[51,119],"assimilation":[52,328],"local-scale":[54,326],"dispersion":[55],"models":[56],"is":[57,185],"often":[58,90],"complicated":[59],"substantial":[61],"gaps":[63],"due":[64],"cloud":[66,82,189],"cover":[67,83,190],"or":[68],"other":[69],"retrieval":[70],"limitations.":[71],"These":[72],"challenges":[73],"are":[74,89,167],"particularly":[75],"prominent":[76],"in":[77,111,169,205,235,250,258,263,273,280,309,314,325],"high-latitude":[78,103],"regions":[79],"where":[80],"solar":[86,192],"zenith":[87,193],"angles":[88],"prevalent.":[91],"Using":[92],"example":[94],"Norway":[96,315],"as":[97,157],"a":[98,102,137,182,239,244],"representative":[99],"case":[100],"region,":[104],"we":[105,290],"here":[106],"evaluate":[107],"spatiotemporal":[109],"patterns":[110,163],"availability":[113,177,265,300],"valid":[115,179,203,233],"from":[117,141,173,211],"TROPOMI":[120,293],"(NO2)":[124],"over":[126],"five":[127],"urban":[128,312],"areas":[129,313],"(Oslo,":[130],"Bergen,":[131],"Trondheim,":[132],"Stavanger,":[133],"Kristiansand)":[135],"2.5":[138],"year":[139],"period":[140,289],"July":[142],"2018":[143],"through":[144],"November":[145],"2020.":[146],"Our":[147],"results":[148],"indicate":[149],"that":[150,221],"even":[151],"relatively":[153],"clean":[154],"environments":[155],"small":[158],"Norwegian":[159],"cities,":[160],"distinct":[161],"NO2":[166,271,294,307],"visible":[168],"long-term":[170],"average":[171],"datasets":[172],"TROPOMI.":[174],"on":[181,215],"level":[184],"limited":[186],"both":[188],"angle":[194],"(during":[195],"winter":[197,282],"months),":[198],"causing":[199],"fraction":[201,231],"retrievals":[204],"each":[206,236],"study":[207,224],"site":[208],"vary":[210],"20%":[212,257],"50%":[214,247],"average.":[216],"A":[217],"temporal":[218],"analysis":[219],"shows":[220,238,266],"our":[223],"sites":[225],"selected":[228],"period,":[229],"pixels":[234],"domain":[237],"clear":[240],"seasonal":[241,261],"cycle":[242,262],"reaching":[243],"maximum":[245],"75%":[249],"summer":[252],"months":[253],"0%":[255],"winter.":[259],"The":[260],"inverse":[268],"behavior":[269],"pollution":[272,308],"Norway,":[274],"which":[275],"typically":[276],"peak":[279],"months.":[283],"outside":[285],"mid-winter":[288],"find":[291],"provide":[297],"sufficient":[298],"detailed":[302],"mapping":[303],"major":[311],"see":[317],"use":[321],"emission":[330],"inversions":[331],"applications.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}