{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164555645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112063","title":"Assessment of Close-Range Remote Sensing Methods for DTM Estimation in a Lowland Deciduous Forest","display_name":"Assessment of Close-Range Remote Sensing Methods for DTM Estimation in a Lowland Deciduous Forest","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164555645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112063","mag":"3164555645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2063/pdf?version=1621850787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2063/pdf?version=1621850787","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089277274","display_name":"Luka Jurjevi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-6692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158666","display_name":"Croatian Forest Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/049k26g38","country_code":"HR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158666"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luka Jurjevi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division for Forest Management and Forestry Economics, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Trnjanska cesta 35, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division for Forest Management and Forestry Economics, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Trnjanska cesta 35, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039337836","display_name":"Mateo Ga\u0161parovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-7882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateo Ga\u0161parovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Ka\u010di\u0107ceva 26, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Ka\u010di\u0107ceva 26, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070189190","display_name":"Xinlian Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinlian Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061875476","display_name":"Ivan Balenovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-753X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158666","display_name":"Croatian Forest Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/049k26g38","country_code":"HR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158666"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Balenovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division for Forest Management and Forestry Economics, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Trnjanska cesta 35, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division for Forest Management and Forestry Economics, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Trnjanska cesta 35, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070189190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3679,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77826781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"2063","last_page":"2063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8117016553878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.6586300134658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.5885637998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5844768285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.4844093918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.48104265332221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4703676402568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.46018701791763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.43262815475463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.4259050786495209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.4202449917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.27363747358322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2588910162448883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.21574532985687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.1776503026485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.14618471264839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06804019212722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06510260701179504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8117016553878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.6586300134658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.5885637998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5844768285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.4844093918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.48104265332221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4703676402568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.46018701791763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.43262815475463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.4259050786495209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4202449917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27363747358322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2588910162448883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.21574532985687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.1776503026485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.14618471264839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06804019212722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06510260701179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2063/pdf?version=1621850787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f593658ddee4f6ca469d02cd4b7b73a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f593658ddee4f6ca469d02cd4b7b73a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 2063 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/11/2063/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 2063","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13112063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2063/pdf?version=1621850787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164555645.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164555645.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89144810","https://openalex.org/W1760422680","https://openalex.org/W1971304633","https://openalex.org/W2026536444","https://openalex.org/W2043871384","https://openalex.org/W2061423527","https://openalex.org/W2065217067","https://openalex.org/W2087202663","https://openalex.org/W2121264346","https://openalex.org/W2133160971","https://openalex.org/W2144963188","https://openalex.org/W2146415975","https://openalex.org/W2280788228","https://openalex.org/W2415553974","https://openalex.org/W2468795783","https://openalex.org/W2482464033","https://openalex.org/W2495260571","https://openalex.org/W2566692295","https://openalex.org/W2788113738","https://openalex.org/W2808883217","https://openalex.org/W2884197231","https://openalex.org/W2888238698","https://openalex.org/W2912419569","https://openalex.org/W2941166356","https://openalex.org/W2943218592","https://openalex.org/W3008390414","https://openalex.org/W3080319051","https://openalex.org/W3089962227","https://openalex.org/W4243400037","https://openalex.org/W6723146324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365572566","https://openalex.org/W2969134726","https://openalex.org/W2091615206","https://openalex.org/W2967590874","https://openalex.org/W2339895499","https://openalex.org/W2118787874","https://openalex.org/W7508781","https://openalex.org/W2110308804","https://openalex.org/W3097107142","https://openalex.org/W1965597456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"terrain":[1],"models":[2],"(DTMs)":[3],"are":[4,159,191],"important":[5],"for":[6,66,144,200],"a":[7,14,29,32,114,203],"variety":[8],"of":[9,61,123,161],"applications":[10],"in":[11,18,31,50,113],"geosciences":[12],"as":[13],"valuable":[15],"information":[16],"source":[17],"forest":[19,22,33,52],"management":[20],"planning,":[21],"inventory,":[23],"hydrology,":[24],"etc.":[25],"Despite":[26],"their":[27],"value,":[28],"DTM":[30,67,201],"area":[34],"is":[35],"typically":[36],"lower":[37],"quality":[38,126],"due":[39],"to":[40,194],"inaccessibility":[41],"and":[42,97,134,139,184],"limited":[43],"data":[44,68,73,121,149,189,198],"sources":[45,74,199],"that":[46,154,190],"can":[47],"be":[48,195],"used":[49],"the":[51,59,124,196],"environment.":[53],"In":[54,70],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57],"assessed":[58],"accuracy":[60,164],"close-range":[62,146,155],"remote":[63,147,156],"sensing":[64,148,157],"techniques":[65,158],"collection.":[69],"total,":[71],"four":[72],"were":[75,106,122,142],"examined,":[76],"i.e.,":[77,128],"handheld":[78],"personal":[79],"laser":[80,86,99,181],"scanning":[81,87,100,182],"(PLShh,":[82],"GeoSLAM":[83],"Horizon),":[84],"terrestrial":[85],"(TLS,":[88],"FARO":[89],"S70),":[90],"unmanned":[91],"aerial":[92,186],"vehicle":[93],"(UAV)":[94],"photogrammetry":[95,187],"(UAVimage),":[96],"UAV":[98],"(ULS,":[101],"LS":[102],"Nano":[103],"M8).":[104],"Data":[105],"collected":[107],"within":[108],"six":[109],"sample":[110],"plots":[111],"located":[112],"lowland":[115],"pedunculate":[116],"oak":[117],"forest.":[118],"The":[119,151],"reference":[120],"highest":[125],"available,":[127],"total":[129],"station":[130],"measurements.":[131],"After":[132],"normality":[133],"outliers":[135],"testing,":[136],"both":[137],"robust":[138],"non-robust":[140],"statistics":[141],"calculated":[143],"all":[145],"sources.":[150],"results":[152],"indicate":[153],"capable":[160],"achieving":[162],"higher":[163],"(root":[165],"mean":[166],"square":[167],"error":[168],"&lt;":[169,176],"15":[170],"cm;":[171],"normalized":[172],"median":[173],"absolute":[174],"deviation":[175],"10":[177],"cm)":[178],"than":[179],"airborne":[180],"(ALS)":[183],"digital":[185],"(DAP)":[188],"generally":[192],"understood":[193],"best":[197],"on":[202],"large":[204],"scale.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
