{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160862485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101965","title":"A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth\u2013Space Telecommunication Links\u2014Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study","display_name":"A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth\u2013Space Telecommunication Links\u2014Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160862485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101965","mag":"3160862485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101965","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1965/pdf?version=1621606892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1965/pdf?version=1621606892","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106418149","display_name":"Md Abdus Samad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157669161","display_name":"International Islamic University Chittagong","ror":"https://ror.org/00eda4j42","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157669161"]}],"countries":["BD","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Abdus Samad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157669161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034924915","display_name":"Feyisa Debo Diba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-1594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865572129","display_name":"Adama Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ccba128","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865572129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["ET","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feyisa Debo Diba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865572129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023075578","display_name":"Dong\u2010You Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0664-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-You Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023075578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7779,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90486696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"1965","last_page":"1965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.7765330672264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-rate","display_name":"Rain rate","score":0.6042830944061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6028427481651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4962497353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.448481947183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44026172161102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.431541383266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.36313265562057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34553971886634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.20021936297416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19062188267707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17001447081565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1022423803806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08739885687828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07914707064628601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.7765330672264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983795465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7925","display_name":"Rain rate","level":3,"score":0.6042830944061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6028427481651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4962497353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.448481947183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44026172161102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.431541383266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.36313265562057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34553971886634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.20021936297416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19062188267707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17001447081565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1022423803806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08739885687828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07914707064628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101965","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1965/pdf?version=1621606892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67fe837b68d14f739dfb322e47c234f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67fe837b68d14f739dfb322e47c234f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 1965 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/10/1965/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 10; Pages: 1965","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101965","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1965/pdf?version=1621606892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160862485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160862485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136007513","https://openalex.org/W414768105","https://openalex.org/W1524429300","https://openalex.org/W1532381648","https://openalex.org/W1534612903","https://openalex.org/W1541938367","https://openalex.org/W1579164455","https://openalex.org/W1623767587","https://openalex.org/W1853382137","https://openalex.org/W1885345496","https://openalex.org/W1930268224","https://openalex.org/W1971386053","https://openalex.org/W1972033907","https://openalex.org/W1972423735","https://openalex.org/W1978362346","https://openalex.org/W1984677026","https://openalex.org/W1985740530","https://openalex.org/W1986034853","https://openalex.org/W1988545553","https://openalex.org/W1993011643","https://openalex.org/W1993617157","https://openalex.org/W1994188203","https://openalex.org/W1994864686","https://openalex.org/W1997707953","https://openalex.org/W1999423640","https://openalex.org/W2001398603","https://openalex.org/W2001816216","https://openalex.org/W2005469587","https://openalex.org/W2008253821","https://openalex.org/W2008295907","https://openalex.org/W2013068755","https://openalex.org/W2013938310","https://openalex.org/W2016070911","https://openalex.org/W2018566469","https://openalex.org/W2021989735","https://openalex.org/W2024089567","https://openalex.org/W2026671659","https://openalex.org/W2026751997","https://openalex.org/W2032096733","https://openalex.org/W2033411002","https://openalex.org/W2036394177","https://openalex.org/W2040588005","https://openalex.org/W2045351347","https://openalex.org/W2045851174","https://openalex.org/W2047813780","https://openalex.org/W2048384294","https://openalex.org/W2049957864","https://openalex.org/W2054935369","https://openalex.org/W2057838434","https://openalex.org/W2065197430","https://openalex.org/W2071189984","https://openalex.org/W2078829620","https://openalex.org/W2080005575","https://openalex.org/W2081085202","https://openalex.org/W2083414117","https://openalex.org/W2087173689","https://openalex.org/W2093796592","https://openalex.org/W2098495358","https://openalex.org/W2102871003","https://openalex.org/W2104662196","https://openalex.org/W2106864589","https://openalex.org/W2107106889","https://openalex.org/W2107698026","https://openalex.org/W2110264476","https://openalex.org/W2111642675","https://openalex.org/W2111926219","https://openalex.org/W2112214298","https://openalex.org/W2113622651","https://openalex.org/W2117148445","https://openalex.org/W2119102486","https://openalex.org/W2121116175","https://openalex.org/W2122301978","https://openalex.org/W2122932139","https://openalex.org/W2123561048","https://openalex.org/W2141705555","https://openalex.org/W2143109640","https://openalex.org/W2144539799","https://openalex.org/W2145895265","https://openalex.org/W2148437953","https://openalex.org/W2157648457","https://openalex.org/W2158463230","https://openalex.org/W2160006583","https://openalex.org/W2160576356","https://openalex.org/W2160686891","https://openalex.org/W2166482555","https://openalex.org/W2169083421","https://openalex.org/W2171302129","https://openalex.org/W2172035336","https://openalex.org/W2173031829","https://openalex.org/W2173061887","https://openalex.org/W2173915997","https://openalex.org/W2210653738","https://openalex.org/W2233510889","https://openalex.org/W2241037022","https://openalex.org/W2332569779","https://openalex.org/W2342277610","https://openalex.org/W2478690774","https://openalex.org/W2537362861","https://openalex.org/W2545372896","https://openalex.org/W2559296624","https://openalex.org/W2615269503","https://openalex.org/W2745029714","https://openalex.org/W2776915492","https://openalex.org/W2802768245","https://openalex.org/W2804933849","https://openalex.org/W2805622601","https://openalex.org/W2838177297","https://openalex.org/W2888353365","https://openalex.org/W2894791383","https://openalex.org/W2903890138","https://openalex.org/W2917752220","https://openalex.org/W2928921116","https://openalex.org/W2954898371","https://openalex.org/W2966525096","https://openalex.org/W2969823908","https://openalex.org/W2972152258","https://openalex.org/W2999001764","https://openalex.org/W2999478479","https://openalex.org/W2999749690","https://openalex.org/W3000722196","https://openalex.org/W3009634428","https://openalex.org/W3013048969","https://openalex.org/W3013370374","https://openalex.org/W3022203193","https://openalex.org/W3024646977","https://openalex.org/W3037077148","https://openalex.org/W3041034938","https://openalex.org/W3053210355","https://openalex.org/W3082949772","https://openalex.org/W3092948788","https://openalex.org/W3116886632","https://openalex.org/W3117773943","https://openalex.org/W3123672120","https://openalex.org/W3128247709","https://openalex.org/W3131171609","https://openalex.org/W3158488932","https://openalex.org/W4233897894","https://openalex.org/W4239385239","https://openalex.org/W6682023264","https://openalex.org/W6683728450","https://openalex.org/W6685305959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055343828","https://openalex.org/W4310608550","https://openalex.org/W2009379848","https://openalex.org/W2121116175","https://openalex.org/W2179477817","https://openalex.org/W2606513028","https://openalex.org/W2532864938","https://openalex.org/W2171302129","https://openalex.org/W2565576386","https://openalex.org/W1611876219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"communication":[1],"is":[2,47,124],"a":[3,19],"promising":[4],"transmission":[5],"technique":[6],"to":[7,15,53,126],"implement":[8],"5G":[9],"and":[10,74,76,82,109,145,164],"beyond":[11],"networks.":[12],"Attenuation":[13],"due":[14],"rain":[16,45,66,102,122,136],"begins":[17],"at":[18],"frequency":[20],"of":[21,58,85,116,129,149,169],"10":[22],"GHz":[23],"in":[24,40,161],"temperate":[25],"regions.":[26,42],"However,":[27],"some":[28],"research":[29],"indicates":[30],"that":[31],"such":[32],"attenuation":[33,46,67,123,137],"effects":[34],"start":[35],"from":[36],"5\u20137":[37],"GHz,":[38],"especially":[39],"tropical":[41],"Therefore,":[43],"modeling":[44,163],"significant":[48],"for":[49,96,121],"propagating":[50],"electromagnetic":[51],"waves":[52],"achieve":[54],"the":[55,117,127,147,166],"required":[56],"quality":[57],"service.":[59],"In":[60,132],"this":[61,133],"survey,":[62],"different":[63],"slant":[64,170],"link":[65,119,167],"prediction":[68],"models":[69,87,120,138],"have":[70,88,139,152],"been":[71,89,140,154],"examined,":[72],"classified,":[73],"analyzed,":[75],"various":[77,94],"features":[78],"like":[79],"improvements,":[80],"drawbacks,":[81],"particular":[83],"aspects":[84],"these":[86],"tabulated.":[90],"This":[91],"survey":[92,115],"provides":[93],"techniques":[95],"obtaining":[97],"input":[98],"data":[99],"sets,":[100],"including":[101],"height,":[103],"efficient":[104],"trajectory":[105],"length":[106],"measurement":[107],"techniques,":[108],"rainfall":[110],"rate":[111],"conversion":[112],"procedures.":[113],"No":[114],"Earth\u2013space":[118],"available":[125],"best":[128],"our":[130],"knowledge.":[131],"study,":[134],"23":[135],"investigated.":[141],"For":[142],"easy":[143],"readability":[144],"conciseness,":[146],"details":[148],"each":[150],"model":[151],"not":[153],"included.":[155],"The":[156],"comparative":[157],"analysis":[158],"will":[159],"assist":[160],"propagation":[162],"planning":[165],"budget":[168],"links.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2021-05-24T00:00:00"}
