{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161405330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101918","title":"Regional GNSS-Derived SPCI: Verification and Improvement in Yunnan, China","display_name":"Regional GNSS-Derived SPCI: Verification and Improvement in Yunnan, China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161405330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101918","mag":"3161405330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1918/pdf?version=1620980540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1918/pdf?version=1620980540","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010151704","display_name":"Xiongwei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-0880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongwei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072289333","display_name":"Yibin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-4601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yibin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038075494","display_name":"Qingzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China","College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072289333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2041,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77318545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"1918","last_page":"1918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.788221538066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6973209381103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5363095998764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5090863108634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5050061345100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.48849475383758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.46834060549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.43414148688316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.27115899324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2270687222480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21506518125534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10369551181793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08496126532554626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.788221538066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6973209381103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5363095998764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5090863108634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5050061345100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.48849475383758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.46834060549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.43414148688316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27115899324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2270687222480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21506518125534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10369551181793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08496126532554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1918/pdf?version=1620980540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8804535f91e5414fbded785ddf761418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8804535f91e5414fbded785ddf761418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 1918 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/10/1918/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 10; Pages: 1918","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13101918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1918/pdf?version=1620980540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321569","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161405330.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161405330.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W298996549","https://openalex.org/W1493547490","https://openalex.org/W1919196885","https://openalex.org/W1963647085","https://openalex.org/W2001767484","https://openalex.org/W2004484179","https://openalex.org/W2005458491","https://openalex.org/W2046814431","https://openalex.org/W2050329270","https://openalex.org/W2054353769","https://openalex.org/W2064988158","https://openalex.org/W2077968790","https://openalex.org/W2092803337","https://openalex.org/W2092866616","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2113952909","https://openalex.org/W2115806720","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2122871942","https://openalex.org/W2140990633","https://openalex.org/W2141042052","https://openalex.org/W2153179024","https://openalex.org/W2174742396","https://openalex.org/W2181538527","https://openalex.org/W2391825777","https://openalex.org/W2499302055","https://openalex.org/W2544993389","https://openalex.org/W2555026182","https://openalex.org/W2581646934","https://openalex.org/W2592238886","https://openalex.org/W2727646354","https://openalex.org/W2730087402","https://openalex.org/W2736217049","https://openalex.org/W2737431556","https://openalex.org/W2754477800","https://openalex.org/W2754813871","https://openalex.org/W2757376799","https://openalex.org/W2802466905","https://openalex.org/W2810451683","https://openalex.org/W2889209610","https://openalex.org/W2891101937","https://openalex.org/W2921254630","https://openalex.org/W2955301595","https://openalex.org/W2994775065","https://openalex.org/W3002343708","https://openalex.org/W3005417347","https://openalex.org/W3037572405","https://openalex.org/W3046387846","https://openalex.org/W3091326895","https://openalex.org/W3127742799","https://openalex.org/W3151654966","https://openalex.org/W4233605008","https://openalex.org/W4236706032","https://openalex.org/W4299354134","https://openalex.org/W6760719193","https://openalex.org/W6982346617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W3033823235","https://openalex.org/W2881093137","https://openalex.org/W4386787199","https://openalex.org/W4384916587","https://openalex.org/W2163330330","https://openalex.org/W1982137911","https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2354666346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"the":[1,8,18,25,35,51,99,128,144,164,192,209,229],"aspect":[2],"of":[3,21,53,101,119,167,194,203,224],"global":[4,71],"drought":[5,10,47,80,137,197,216,239,249],"monitoring,":[6],"improving":[7],"regional":[9,22,87,238],"monitoring":[11,48,79,198,217,240],"method":[12,114],"is":[13,42,199,212,244],"becoming":[14],"increasingly":[15],"important":[16],"for":[17,46,78,115,196,215,237,246],"sustainable":[19],"development":[20],"agriculture":[23],"and":[24,56,76,110,134,207,251,256],"economy.":[26],"The":[27,117],"standardized":[28,129],"precipitation":[29,130],"conversion":[30],"index":[31,132,138],"(SPCI)":[32],"calculated":[33],"by":[34],"Global":[36],"Navigation":[37],"Satellite":[38],"System":[39],"(GNSS)":[40],"observation":[41],"a":[43,63,70,82,147,156,221,234],"new":[44,235],"means":[45,236],"that":[49,176,202],"has":[50,66],"advantages":[52],"simple":[54],"calculation":[55],"real-time":[57],"monitoring.":[58],"However,":[59],"only":[60],"SPCI":[61,102,145,165,178,195,211],"with":[62,182,220,248],"12-month":[64],"scale":[65,85,150],"been":[67,91],"verified":[68],"on":[69],"scale,":[72],"while":[73],"its":[74,168],"capability":[75,193],"applicability":[77],"at":[81,103,146],"short":[83,148],"time":[84,105,149],"in":[86,107,151,171,184,205,218,241],"areas":[88],"have":[89],"never":[90],"investigated.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"this":[94],"study":[95],"aims":[96],"to":[97,125,142,162,189,201,228],"evaluate":[98,143],"performance":[100],"other":[104],"scales":[106],"Yunnan,":[108,219,242],"China,":[109],"propose":[111],"an":[112],"improved":[113,210],"SPCI.":[116],"data":[118],"six":[120],"GNSS":[121],"stations":[122],"were":[123],"selected":[124],"calculate":[126],"SPCI;":[127],"evapotranspiration":[131],"(SPEI)":[133],"composite":[135],"meteorological":[136],"(CI)":[139],"are":[140],"introduced":[141],"Yunnan":[152,185],"Province.":[153],"In":[154],"addition,":[155],"modified":[157],"CI":[158,183],"(MCI)":[159],"was":[160],"proposed":[161],"calibrate":[163],"because":[166],"large":[169],"bias":[170,223],"Yunnan.":[172],"Experimental":[173],"results":[174,232],"show":[175],"(1)":[177],"exhibits":[179],"better":[180],"agreement":[181],"Province":[186],"when":[187,226],"compared":[188,227],"SPEI;":[190],"(2)":[191],"superior":[200],"SPEI":[204],"Yunnan;":[206],"(3)":[208],"more":[213],"suitable":[214],"relative":[222],"5.43%":[225],"MCI.":[230],"These":[231],"provide":[233],"which":[243],"significant":[245],"dealing":[247],"disasters":[250],"formulating":[252],"related":[253],"disaster":[254],"prevention":[255],"mitigation":[257],"policies.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
