{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160035829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091855","title":"Airborne LiDAR-Derived Digital Elevation Model for Archaeology","display_name":"Airborne LiDAR-Derived Digital Elevation Model for Archaeology","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160035829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091855","mag":"3160035829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13091855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1855/pdf?version=1620894118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1855/pdf?version=1620894118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044363022","display_name":"Benjamin \u0160tular","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-7183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179066132","display_name":"Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04evj0n95","country_code":"SI","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179066132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154574","display_name":"Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04zvj8c18","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154574"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin \u0160tular","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179066132","https://openalex.org/I4387154574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027245454","display_name":"Edisa Lozi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-9906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15766117","display_name":"University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/01faaaf77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179066132","display_name":"Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04evj0n95","country_code":"SI","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179066132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154574","display_name":"Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04zvj8c18","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154574"]}],"countries":["AT","SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edisa Lozi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Classics, University of Graz, Universit\u00e4tsplatz 3/II, 8010 Graz, Austria","Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Classics, University of Graz, Universit\u00e4tsplatz 3/II, 8010 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179066132","https://openalex.org/I4387154574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033317163","display_name":"Stefan Eichert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5827-0797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1279955124","display_name":"Natural History Museum Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/01tv5y993","country_code":"AT","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1279955124"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Eichert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1279955124"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044363022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179066132","https://openalex.org/I4387154574"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1302,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1404},"fwci":32.0166,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99944072,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1855","last_page":"1855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12364","display_name":"Archaeological Research and Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12364","display_name":"Archaeological Research and Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.6934739351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6849548816680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.6267061829566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5949422121047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5152166485786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5074185729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4270753860473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40244945883750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3504226803779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2665697932243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18444210290908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1512012779712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.07645606994628906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.6934739351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6849548816680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.6267061829566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5949422121047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5152166485786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5074185729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4270753860473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40244945883750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3504226803779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2665697932243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18444210290908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1512012779712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.07645606994628906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13091855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1855/pdf?version=1620894118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03223878v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03223878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2021, 13 (9), pp.1855. ⟨10.3390/rs13091855⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab692700b92f4e18835be5891f3548f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab692700b92f4e18835be5891f3548f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 1855 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/9/1855/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 1855","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13091855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1855/pdf?version=1620894118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G290463913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"I 3992","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5212461034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P6-0064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6783783255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G75357609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N6-0132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160035829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160035829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109458710","https://openalex.org/W371805316","https://openalex.org/W641092640","https://openalex.org/W1561219483","https://openalex.org/W1780431662","https://openalex.org/W1928471770","https://openalex.org/W1972508359","https://openalex.org/W2002827932","https://openalex.org/W2008235313","https://openalex.org/W2008432657","https://openalex.org/W2008524030","https://openalex.org/W2017684208","https://openalex.org/W2033472262","https://openalex.org/W2035222601","https://openalex.org/W2051646064","https://openalex.org/W2052165970","https://openalex.org/W2055580833","https://openalex.org/W2059390955","https://openalex.org/W2075752542","https://openalex.org/W2092924074","https://openalex.org/W2100714408","https://openalex.org/W2120612314","https://openalex.org/W2130836867","https://openalex.org/W2141363828","https://openalex.org/W2143296882","https://openalex.org/W2152482502","https://openalex.org/W2278448846","https://openalex.org/W2423799965","https://openalex.org/W2609488468","https://openalex.org/W2765869319","https://openalex.org/W2771855983","https://openalex.org/W2809786260","https://openalex.org/W2892336504","https://openalex.org/W2893644756","https://openalex.org/W2898399504","https://openalex.org/W2934396264","https://openalex.org/W2938560564","https://openalex.org/W2943268109","https://openalex.org/W2944924753","https://openalex.org/W2982348139","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W2998077423","https://openalex.org/W3015797299","https://openalex.org/W3016977472","https://openalex.org/W3017720646","https://openalex.org/W3022476564","https://openalex.org/W3022998786","https://openalex.org/W3032168764","https://openalex.org/W3049332966","https://openalex.org/W3081330261","https://openalex.org/W3091350177","https://openalex.org/W3107235322","https://openalex.org/W3108754477","https://openalex.org/W3118519475","https://openalex.org/W3128066824","https://openalex.org/W4287215224","https://openalex.org/W6604474767","https://openalex.org/W6675078404","https://openalex.org/W6689871404","https://openalex.org/W6772228487","https://openalex.org/W6776167357","https://openalex.org/W6776377833","https://openalex.org/W6776386846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4320725409","https://openalex.org/W2014835793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1],"of":[2,12,41,49,82,95,167,171,175,185],"topographic":[3],"airborne":[4,186],"LiDAR":[5,187],"data":[6,21,132],"has":[7,34],"become":[8],"an":[9,19,43,55,76,141],"essential":[10],"part":[11],"archaeological":[13,96,125,135,154],"prospection,":[14],"and":[15,68,91],"the":[16,38,47,70,146,156,168,181],"need":[17],"for":[18,63,130,144,150,162],"archaeology-specific":[20,44,56,77],"processing":[22],"workflow":[23],"is":[24,28,52,85,115,128,139,165,191],"well":[25],"known.":[26],"It":[27],"therefore":[29],"surprising":[30],"that":[31,105],"little":[32],"attention":[33],"been":[35],"paid":[36],"to":[37,53,110,118,123],"key":[39],"element":[40],"processing:":[42],"DEM.":[45],"Accordingly,":[46],"aim":[48],"this":[50],"paper":[51],"describe":[54],"DEM":[57,78,172],"in":[58,134,188],"detail,":[59],"provide":[60],"a":[61,80,100,107,120],"tool":[62,143],"its":[64],"automatic":[65],"precision":[66],"assessment,":[67],"determine":[69],"appropriate":[71],"grid":[72,112,148],"resolution.":[73],"We":[74,98],"define":[75],"as":[79],"subtype":[81],"DEM,":[83],"which":[84,127,164,190],"interpolated":[86],"from":[87],"ground":[88],"points,":[89],"buildings,":[90],"four":[92],"morphological":[93],"types":[94],"features.":[97],"introduce":[99],"confidence":[101,108,121,157],"map":[102,158],"(QGIS":[103],"plug-in)":[104],"assigns":[106],"level":[109,122],"each":[111,124],"cell.":[113],"This":[114],"primarily":[116],"used":[117],"attach":[119],"feature,":[126],"useful":[129],"detecting":[131],"bias":[133],"interpretation.":[136],"Confidence":[137],"mapping":[138],"also":[140],"effective":[142],"identifying":[145],"optimal":[147],"resolution":[149],"specific":[151],"datasets.":[152],"Beyond":[153],"applications,":[155],"provides":[159],"clear":[160],"criteria":[161],"segmentation,":[163],"one":[166],"unsolved":[169],"problems":[170],"interpolation.":[173],"All":[174],"these":[176],"are":[177],"important":[178],"steps":[179],"towards":[180],"general":[182],"methodological":[183],"maturity":[184],"archaeology,":[189],"our":[192],"ultimate":[193],"goal.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2021-05-24T00:00:00"}