{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158981300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091703","title":"Implementation of a Modified Faster R-CNN for Target Detection Technology of Coastal Defense Radar","display_name":"Implementation of a Modified Faster R-CNN for Target Detection Technology of Coastal Defense Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158981300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091703","mag":"3158981300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13091703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1703/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1703/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035921680","display_name":"Yan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-351X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"He Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408357","display_name":"Chao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-2682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006886898","display_name":"Guodong Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2423-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752772","display_name":"Jindong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-6431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076812000","display_name":"Xudong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-6444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784062","display_name":"Daiyin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiyin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035921680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":20.7056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98848401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1703","last_page":"1703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8203587532043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.7620220184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6140369176864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.591460108757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5822607278823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5324360728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5156337022781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4986402988433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.482269823551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4637487530708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4463919699192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.41925153136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38124072551727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12038043141365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08300179243087769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8203587532043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.7620220184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6140369176864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.591460108757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5822607278823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5324360728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5156337022781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4986402988433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.482269823551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4637487530708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4463919699192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.41925153136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38124072551727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12038043141365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08300179243087769}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13091703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1703/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:18a4081460af4a77846f200b3ac8bfa3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/18a4081460af4a77846f200b3ac8bfa3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 1703 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/9/1703/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 1703","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13091703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1703/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158981300.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158981300.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2030878855","https://openalex.org/W2048307133","https://openalex.org/W2066543586","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2156650489","https://openalex.org/W2162098788","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164919086","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2342369250","https://openalex.org/W2405504695","https://openalex.org/W2742976200","https://openalex.org/W2753041493","https://openalex.org/W2885208219","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2964121718","https://openalex.org/W2974900283","https://openalex.org/W3010357916","https://openalex.org/W3017831497","https://openalex.org/W3017834433","https://openalex.org/W3080782931","https://openalex.org/W3105674057","https://openalex.org/W4407290644","https://openalex.org/W6785779086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W1968850503","https://openalex.org/W1649651896","https://openalex.org/W2116961228","https://openalex.org/W1952514008","https://openalex.org/W4387803549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,109,185],"traditional":[1],"method":[2,94,192],"of":[3,13,31,55,65,80,128,143,179,189,200],"constant":[4],"false-alarm":[5,26],"rate":[6,22,27],"detection":[7,50,74,93,132,167],"is":[8,44,76,120,153,160,193],"based":[9,100,139,173],"on":[10,59,101,140,174],"the":[11,24,29,49,53,60,70,73,96,117,123,141,150,164,190,201],"assumption":[12],"an":[14],"echo":[15],"statistical":[16],"model.":[17],"target":[19,92,125,131,147],"recognition":[20],"accuracy":[21],"and":[23,34,145,155],"high":[25,67,130],"under":[28],"background":[30],"sea":[32],"clutter":[33],"other":[35],"interferences":[36],"are":[37,113,183],"very":[38],"low.":[39],"Therefore,":[40],"computer":[41],"vision":[42],"technology":[43],"widely":[45],"discussed":[46],"to":[47,162],"improve":[48],"performance.":[51],"However,":[52],"majority":[54],"studies":[56],"have":[57],"focused":[58],"synthetic":[61],"aperture":[62],"radar":[63,99,182],"because":[64,79,127],"its":[66,81,129],"resolution.":[68,83],"For":[69],"defense":[71,98,181],"radar,":[72],"performance":[75],"not":[77],"satisfactory":[78],"low":[82],"To":[84],"this":[85],"end,":[86],"we":[87],"herein":[88],"propose":[89],"a":[90,135,175],"novel":[91],"for":[95],"coastal":[97,180],"faster":[102],"region-based":[103],"convolutional":[104],"neural":[105],"network":[106],"(Faster":[107],"R-CNN).":[108],"main":[110],"processing":[111],"steps":[112],"as":[114,122],"follows:":[115],"(1)":[116],"Faster":[118,137,203],"R-CNN":[119,138],"selected":[121],"sea-surface":[124],"detector":[126],"accuracy;":[133],"(2)":[134],"modified":[136],"characteristics":[142],"sparsity":[144],"small":[146],"size":[148],"in":[149],"data":[151,177],"set":[152,178],"employed;":[154],"(3)":[156],"soft":[157],"non-maximum":[158],"suppression":[159],"exploited":[161],"eliminate":[163],"possible":[165],"overlapped":[166],"boxes.":[168],"Furthermore,":[169],"detailed":[170],"comparative":[171],"experiments":[172],"real":[176],"performed.":[184],"mean":[186],"average":[187],"precision":[188],"proposed":[191],"improved":[194],"by":[195],"10.86%":[196],"compared":[197],"with":[198],"that":[199],"original":[202],"R-CNN.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2021-05-10T00:00:00"}