{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156492869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081514","title":"Mid-Latitude Daytime F2-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008\u20132009","display_name":"Mid-Latitude Daytime F2-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008\u20132009","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156492869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081514","mag":"3156492869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081514","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1514/pdf?version=1618408633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1514/pdf?version=1618408633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061015131","display_name":"A. V. Mikhailov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0193-0846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29078338","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00qps9a02","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093250","display_name":"Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation","ror":"https://ror.org/00k9x6n46","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210093250","https://openalex.org/I4210096333"]}],"countries":["IT","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey V. Mikhailov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 00143 Rome, Italy","Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 00143 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013830991","display_name":"Loredana Perrone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29078338","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00qps9a02","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Loredana Perrone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 00143 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 00143 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037126512","display_name":"A. A. Nusinov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-0438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120843","display_name":"Institute of Applied Geophysics of the Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02xqwa087","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120843"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anatoly A. Nusinov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics (IAG), 129128 Moscow, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics (IAG), 129128 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013830991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4405,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81002369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1514","last_page":"1514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime","display_name":"Daytime","score":0.7247953414916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermosphere","display_name":"Thermosphere","score":0.7113584280014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.6746768951416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6082082390785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosonde","display_name":"Ionosonde","score":0.5885739326477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-magnetic-field","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","score":0.5206995606422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-minimum","display_name":"Solar minimum","score":0.4464275538921356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.4331985116004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density","display_name":"Electron density","score":0.33462321758270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22735774517059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20474594831466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cycle","display_name":"Solar cycle","score":0.1732235848903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"Solar wind","score":0.1577339470386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.1300428807735443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron","display_name":"Electron","score":0.10764986276626587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.7247953414916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131980223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178043","display_name":"Thermosphere","level":3,"score":0.7113584280014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6746768951416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6082082390785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184850221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionosonde","level":4,"score":0.5885739326477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.5206995606422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171428510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2314257","display_name":"Solar minimum","level":5,"score":0.4464275538921356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.4331985116004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.33462321758270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22735774517059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20474594831466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43867161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49385","display_name":"Solar cycle","level":4,"score":0.1732235848903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.1577339470386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.1300428807735443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.10764986276626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081514","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1514/pdf?version=1618408633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3180f90f2b94da29370338c139a093f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3180f90f2b94da29370338c139a093f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1514 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/8/1514/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 1514","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081514","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1514/pdf?version=1618408633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1052710218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D53J19000170001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1186343969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"145/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2335846867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D53J19000170001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324838","funder_display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5664963844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CUP D53J19000170001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G967640805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CUP D53J19000170001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324838","funder_display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324838","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00qps9a02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156492869.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156492869.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506260462","https://openalex.org/W1608123445","https://openalex.org/W1612006568","https://openalex.org/W1622980052","https://openalex.org/W1679575009","https://openalex.org/W1863737423","https://openalex.org/W1904655239","https://openalex.org/W1942147411","https://openalex.org/W1970509591","https://openalex.org/W1980916763","https://openalex.org/W1984670078","https://openalex.org/W1986859831","https://openalex.org/W1987241966","https://openalex.org/W1988529363","https://openalex.org/W1995846083","https://openalex.org/W1996859389","https://openalex.org/W1998427779","https://openalex.org/W1998820122","https://openalex.org/W2013352923","https://openalex.org/W2019553525","https://openalex.org/W2029336531","https://openalex.org/W2029451170","https://openalex.org/W2031156204","https://openalex.org/W2036169981","https://openalex.org/W2040957508","https://openalex.org/W2041109322","https://openalex.org/W2054730720","https://openalex.org/W2056691731","https://openalex.org/W2057980539","https://openalex.org/W2065984899","https://openalex.org/W2068882733","https://openalex.org/W2085605336","https://openalex.org/W2088393095","https://openalex.org/W2093337996","https://openalex.org/W2101162412","https://openalex.org/W2107429213","https://openalex.org/W2116620573","https://openalex.org/W2119003938","https://openalex.org/W2124503147","https://openalex.org/W2124715982","https://openalex.org/W2141161260","https://openalex.org/W2141319951","https://openalex.org/W2145263214","https://openalex.org/W2149700722","https://openalex.org/W2150126807","https://openalex.org/W2150398129","https://openalex.org/W2159343233","https://openalex.org/W2168357131","https://openalex.org/W2169323232","https://openalex.org/W2513055648","https://openalex.org/W2515075690","https://openalex.org/W2632696273","https://openalex.org/W2782426147","https://openalex.org/W2795870427","https://openalex.org/W2802451807","https://openalex.org/W2900111772","https://openalex.org/W2996175083","https://openalex.org/W3036294422","https://openalex.org/W3042916233","https://openalex.org/W3089032202","https://openalex.org/W4323873693","https://openalex.org/W6784130223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2553840227","https://openalex.org/W2884625203","https://openalex.org/W4210307676","https://openalex.org/W4207045503","https://openalex.org/W2133826029","https://openalex.org/W2966022581","https://openalex.org/W2015571159","https://openalex.org/W2032916439","https://openalex.org/W2022074771","https://openalex.org/W2146411247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"European":[0],"near-noontime":[1],"ionosonde":[2],"observations":[3,141],"were":[4,36],"considered":[5],"during":[6,110,159],"the":[7,52,61,68,85,93,96,116,119,124,128,136,147,150],"period":[8],"of":[9,87,95,101,107,135,142,149],"deep":[10],"solar":[11,22],"minimum":[12],"in":[13,31,51,92,123,130],"2008\u20132009":[14],"to":[15,21,43,59,114,156],"analyze":[16],"foF2":[17,75],"perturbations":[18],"not":[19,154],"related":[20,155],"and":[23,34,71,104,138],"geomagnetic":[24,157],"activity.":[25],"Sudden":[26],"stratospheric":[27],"warming":[28],"(SSWs)":[29],"events":[30],"January":[32],"2008":[33],"2009":[35],"analyzed.":[37],"An":[38],"original":[39],"method":[40],"was":[41,57],"used":[42],"retrieve":[44],"aeronomic":[45,63],"parameters":[46],"from":[47],"observed":[48,69],"electron":[49],"concentration":[50],"ionospheric":[53],"F-region.":[54],"Atomic":[55,77],"oxygen":[56,78,121,152],"shown":[58],"be":[60,115],"main":[62],"parameter":[64],"responsible":[65],"both":[66],"for":[67,127],"day-to-day":[70],"long-term":[72],"(during":[73],"SSWs)":[74],"variations.":[76],"rather":[79],"than":[80],"neutral":[81,89],"temperature":[82],"mainly":[83],"controls":[84],"decrease":[86],"thermospheric":[88,102],"gas":[90],"density":[91,145],"course":[94],"SSW":[97],"events.":[98],"Day-to-day":[99],"variations":[100],"circulation":[103],"an":[105],"intensification":[106],"eddy":[108],"diffusion":[109],"SSWs":[111],"are":[112],"suggested":[113],"processes":[117],"changing":[118],"atomic":[120,151],"abundance":[122,153],"upper":[125],"atmosphere":[126],"periods":[129],"question.":[131],"Recent":[132],"Global-Scale":[133],"Observations":[134],"Limb":[137],"Disk":[139],"(GOLD)":[140],"O/N2":[143],"column":[144],"confirm":[146],"depletion":[148],"activity":[158],"SSWs.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
