{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152539410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081510","title":"Quantification of the Mechanized Ballast Cleaning Process Efficiency Using GPR Technology","display_name":"Quantification of the Mechanized Ballast Cleaning Process Efficiency Using GPR Technology","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152539410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081510","mag":"3152539410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081510","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1510/pdf?version=1618400435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1510/pdf?version=1618400435","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058814902","display_name":"Anna Borkovcov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-8204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140744787","display_name":"University of Pardubice","ror":"https://ror.org/01chzd453","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Borkovcov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048942997","display_name":"Vladislav Boreck\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-7481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140744787","display_name":"University of Pardubice","ror":"https://ror.org/01chzd453","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladislav Boreck\u00fd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068957696","display_name":"Salih Serkan Artagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-6993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140744787","display_name":"University of Pardubice","ror":"https://ror.org/01chzd453","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091955","display_name":"Eskisehir Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gcgqv39","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091955"]}],"countries":["CZ","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salih Serkan Artagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic","Vocational School of Transportation, Eski\u015fehir Technical University, Bas\u0131n \u015eehitleri Cad. No:152, Eski\u015fehir 26470, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vocational School of Transportation, Eski\u015fehir Technical University, Bas\u0131n \u015eehitleri Cad. No:152, Eski\u015fehir 26470, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091955"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030609000","display_name":"Filip \u0160ev\u010d\u00edk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140744787","display_name":"University of Pardubice","ror":"https://ror.org/01chzd453","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip \u0160ev\u010d\u00edk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport Structures, Faculty of Transport Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068957696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140744787","https://openalex.org/I4210091955"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2167,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77245636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1510","last_page":"1510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12482","display_name":"Tunneling and Rock Mechanics","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast","display_name":"Ballast","score":0.9830920696258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.7616055011749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.6639162302017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5425001978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fouling","display_name":"Fouling","score":0.532952606678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.519767701625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-permittivity","display_name":"Dielectric permittivity","score":0.4535386264324188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.3873673379421234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.33951789140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26675164699554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2651256024837494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.12024617195129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10860586166381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09141987562179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.08889248967170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.07020944356918335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125907379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851537","display_name":"Ballast","level":2,"score":0.9830920696258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7616055011749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.6639162302017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5425001978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115792997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1439803","display_name":"Fouling","level":3,"score":0.532952606678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.519767701625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986736532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Dielectric permittivity","level":4,"score":0.4535386264324188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3873673379421234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.33951789140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26675164699554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2651256024837494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12024617195129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10860586166381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09141987562179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.08889248967170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.07020944356918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081510","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1510/pdf?version=1618400435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dk.upce.cz:10195/79179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10195/79179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400508","display_name":"Digitalni Knihovna (Univerzita Pardubice)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I140744787","host_organization_name":"University of Pardubice","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1ea3d6cd38840baae04baefb63f029a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1ea3d6cd38840baae04baefb63f029a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1510 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/8/1510/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 1510","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081510","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1510/pdf?version=1618400435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G954155135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016969","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329548","funder_display_name":"Univerzita Pardubice"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329548","display_name":"Univerzita Pardubice","ror":"https://ror.org/01chzd453"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152539410.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152539410.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72492719","https://openalex.org/W580766000","https://openalex.org/W610160023","https://openalex.org/W656247677","https://openalex.org/W1558181787","https://openalex.org/W1560424667","https://openalex.org/W1563966248","https://openalex.org/W1599290603","https://openalex.org/W1869316165","https://openalex.org/W1964162941","https://openalex.org/W1966245585","https://openalex.org/W1980273755","https://openalex.org/W1982226272","https://openalex.org/W1984075353","https://openalex.org/W2011157375","https://openalex.org/W2012368802","https://openalex.org/W2020642731","https://openalex.org/W2032974553","https://openalex.org/W2039907725","https://openalex.org/W2061072619","https://openalex.org/W2078665009","https://openalex.org/W2111785328","https://openalex.org/W2117957721","https://openalex.org/W2166615907","https://openalex.org/W2274367331","https://openalex.org/W2328015092","https://openalex.org/W2476669420","https://openalex.org/W2489998817","https://openalex.org/W2491980265","https://openalex.org/W2532385550","https://openalex.org/W2539891304","https://openalex.org/W2592173374","https://openalex.org/W2593394148","https://openalex.org/W2598106310","https://openalex.org/W2613750804","https://openalex.org/W2617474332","https://openalex.org/W2618036637","https://openalex.org/W2733620377","https://openalex.org/W2762369806","https://openalex.org/W2778938057","https://openalex.org/W2795709275","https://openalex.org/W2797380846","https://openalex.org/W2890288370","https://openalex.org/W2911660423","https://openalex.org/W2912842499","https://openalex.org/W2953179883","https://openalex.org/W2957456716","https://openalex.org/W2965044534","https://openalex.org/W2980083439","https://openalex.org/W2996160892","https://openalex.org/W3039333751","https://openalex.org/W3116169669","https://openalex.org/W3123324511","https://openalex.org/W3130618976","https://openalex.org/W3134666482","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W4253162042","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6616842920","https://openalex.org/W6701577083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W580766000","https://openalex.org/W2152454325","https://openalex.org/W647532056","https://openalex.org/W287043150","https://openalex.org/W2527199157","https://openalex.org/W4480445","https://openalex.org/W2364548847","https://openalex.org/W4206567838","https://openalex.org/W2339143372","https://openalex.org/W628066528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground":[0],"Penetrating":[1],"Radar":[2],"(GPR)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"used":[6,111],"recently":[7],"for":[8,112],"diagnostics":[9],"of":[10,39,47,54,67,94,105,119,130],"the":[11,15,62,103,138,142,157,162,169],"railway":[12,74,83,95,120],"infrastructure,":[13],"particularly":[14],"ballast":[16,20,23,49,56,85,121,131,143,164],"layer.":[17],"To":[18],"overcome":[19],"fouling,":[21,55],"mechanized":[22,163],"cleaning":[24,57,144,165],"process,":[25,145],"which":[26,45],"increases":[27],"track":[28,48,75,96],"occupancy":[29],"time":[30,124],"and":[31,52,107,136],"cost,":[32],"is":[33,38],"usually":[34],"used.":[35],"Hence":[36],"it":[37],"crucial":[40],"significance":[41],"to":[42,81,152],"identify":[43],"at":[44],"stage":[46],"life":[50],"cycle,":[51],"level":[53,133],"should":[58],"be":[59],"initiated.":[60],"In":[61],"present":[63],"study,":[64],"a":[65,128],"series":[66],"in":[68,77,91,102,123,160],"situ":[69],"GPR":[70,98],"surveys":[71],"on":[72,134,168],"selected":[73],"sections":[76],"Czechia":[78],"was":[79,110],"performed":[80],"obtain":[82],"granite":[84],"relative":[86],"dielectric":[87],"permittivity":[88],"(RDP)":[89],"values":[90],"several":[92],"phases":[93],"lifecycle.":[97],"data":[99],"were":[100],"collected":[101],"form":[104],"B-scan,":[106],"time-domain":[108],"analysis":[109],"post-processing.":[113],"The":[114],"results":[115],"indicate":[116],"(i)":[117],"change":[118,140],"RDP":[122,139],"(long":[125],"term);":[126],"(ii)":[127],"dependency":[129],"fouling":[132],"RDP;":[135],"(iii)":[137],"during":[141],"thus":[146],"its":[147],"efficiency.":[148],"This":[149],"research":[150],"aimed":[151],"provide":[153],"new":[154],"perspectives":[155],"into":[156],"decision-making":[158],"process":[159],"initiating":[161],"intervention":[166],"based":[167],"GPR-measured":[170],"data.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}